Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Predicting ICU Admission in Adults with New-Onset Encephalitis

Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, et al.; International Encephalitis Consortium. Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(8):1114–28.

Bloch KC, Glaser C, Gaston D, Venkatesan A. State of the art: acute encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(5):e14-33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Venkatesan A, Habis R, Geocadin RG. Approach to acute encephalitis in the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2023;29(2):89–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sonneville R, Gault N, De Montmollin E, Klein IF, Mariotte E, Chemam S, et al. Clinical spectrum and outcomes of patients with encephalitis requiring intensive care. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(1):6–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ali F, Wijdicks EF. Treatment of movement disorder emergencies in autoimmune encephalitis in the neurosciences ICU. Neurocrit Care. 2020;32(1):286–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feng G, Zhou L, Li F, Hu Y, Wang X, Tian X. Predictors of outcome in clinically diagnosed viral encephalitis patients: a 5-year prospective study. BioMed Res Int. 2020;2020:2832418.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sonneville R, de Montmollin E, Contou D, Ferrer R, Gurjar M, Klouche K, et al.; EURECA Investigator Study Group. Clinical features, etiologies, and outcomes in adult patients with meningoencephalitis requiring intensive care (EURECA): an international prospective multicenter cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2023;49(5):517–29.

Wijdicks EF, Bamlet WR, Maramattom BV, Manno EM, McClelland RL. Validation of a new coma scale: the FOUR score. Ann Neurol. 2005;58(4):585–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fluss R, Faraggi D, Reiser B. Estimation of the Youden index and its associated cutoff point. Biom J. 2005;47(4):458–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonça A, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA (sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the working group on sepsis-related problems of the European society of intensive care medicine. Intensiv Care Med. 1996;22(7):707–10.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Grissom CK, Brown SM, Kuttler KG, Boltax JP, Jones J, Jephson AR, et al. A modified sequential organ failure assessment score for critical care triage. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2010;4(4):277–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Madan A. Correlation between the levels of SpO2and PaO2. Lung India. 2017;34(3):307–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Groenwold RH, Donders AR, Roes KC, Harrell FE Jr, Moons KG. Dealing with missing outcome data in randomized trials and observational studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(3):210–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KG. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD Statement. BMC Med. 2015;13(1):1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fillatre P, Mailles A, Stahl JP, Tattevin P, Abgrall S, Argaud L, et al.; Scientific Committee and Investigators Group. Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with infectious encephalitis requiring intensive care: a prospective multicentre observational study. J Crit Care. 2023;77:154300.

Thakur KT, Motta M, Asemota AO, Kirsch HL, Benavides DR, Schneider EB, et al. Predictors of outcome in acute encephalitis. Neurology. 2013;81(9):793–800.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cohen J, Sotoca J, Gandhi S, Yeshokumar AK, Gordon-Lipkin E, Geocadin RG, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: a costly condition. Neurology. 2019;92(9):e964–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cardona M, Dobler CC, Koreshe E, Heyland DK, Nguyen RH, Sim JP, et al. A catalogue of tools and variables from crisis and routine care to support decision-making about allocation of intensive care beds and ventilator treatment during pandemics: scoping review. J Crit Care. 2021;66:33–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

St-Louis E, Iqbal S, Feldman LS, Sudarshan M, Deckelbaum DL, Razek TS, et al. Using the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index to predict outcomes in emergency general surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(2):318–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhan YF, Li F, Wu LC, Li JM, Zhu CY, Han MS, et al. Role of Charlson comorbidity index in predicting the ICU admission in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm undergoing surgery. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):870.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Argun Barış S, Boyacı H, Akhan S, Mutlu B, Deniz M, Başyiğit İ. Charlson comorbidity index in predicting poor clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Turk Thorac J. 2022;23(2):145–53.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harutyunyan G, Hauer L, Dünser MW, Karamyan A, Moser T, Pikija S, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis at the neurological intensive care unit: etiologies, reasons for admission and survival. Neurocrit Care. 2017;27(1):82–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diaz-Arias LA, Pardo CA, Probasco JC. Autoimmune encephalitis in the intensive care unit. In: Nelson S, Nyquist P, editors. Neurointensive care unit. Cham: Springer; 2020. p. 249–63.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Sonneville R, Jaquet P, Vellieux G, de Montmollin E, Visseaux B. Intensive care management of patients with viral encephalitis. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2022;178(1–2):48–56.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akavipat P, Sookplung P, Kaewsingha P, Maunsaiyat P. Prediction of discharge outcome with the full outline of unresponsiveness (FOUR) score in neurosurgical patients. Acta Med Okayama. 2011;65(3):205–10.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iyer VN, Mandrekar JN, Danielson RD, Zubkov AY, Elmer JL, Wijdicks EF. Validity of the FOUR score coma scale in the medical intensive care unit. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(8):694–701.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chakraverty R, Davidson S, Peggs K, Stross P, Garrard C, Littlewood TJ. The incidence and cause of coagulopathies in an intensive care population. Br J Haematol. 1996;93(2):460–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015;84(4):359–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hansen MA, Samannodi MS, Hasbun R. Predicting inpatient mortality among encephalitis patients: a novel admission risk score. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(11):ofaa471.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood-brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol. 2018;103(5):839–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wesselingh R, Butzkueven H, Buzzard K, Tarlinton D, O’Brien TJ, Monif M. Innate immunity in the central nervous system: a missing piece of the autoimmune encephalitis puzzle? Front Immunol. 2019;10:2066.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Michael BD, Griffiths MJ, Granerod J, Brown D, Davies NW, Borrow R, et al. Characteristic cytokine and chemokine profiles in encephalitis of infectious, immune-mediated, and unknown aetiology. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(1):e0146288.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mei Y, Yang J, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Li M, et al. Systemic inflammation index values are associated with worsened disease severity and poor response to autoimmune encephalitis treatment. Front Neurol. 2021;12:709553.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Terrone G, Frigerio F, Balosso S, Ravizza T, Vezzani A. Inflammation and reactive oxygen species in status epilepticus: biomarkers and implications for therapy. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;101(Pt B):106275.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hodgson LE, Sarnowski A, Roderick PJ, Dimitrov BD, Venn RM, Forni LG. Systematic review of prognostic prediction models for acute kidney injury (AKI) in general hospital populations. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e016591.

Comments (0)

No login
gif