Mohanta SK, Peng L, Li Y et al (2022) Neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces control atherosclerosis. Nature 605:152–159

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stone PH, Libby P, Boden WE (2023) Fundamental pathobiology of coronary atherosclerosis and clinical implications for chronic ischemic heart disease management-the plaque hypothesis: a narrative review. JAMA Cardiol 8:192–201

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tufaro V, Serruys PW, Räber L et al (2023) Intravascular imaging assessment of pharmacotherapies targeting atherosclerosis: advantages and limitations in predicting their prognostic implications. Cardiovasc Res 119:121–135

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Achenbach S, Fuchs F, Goncalves A et al (2022) Non-invasive imaging as the cornerstone of cardiovascular precision medicine. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 23:465–475

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Derlin T, Werner RA, Weiberg D, Derlin K, Bengel FM (2022) Parametric imaging of biologic activity of atherosclerosis using dynamic whole-body positron emission tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 15:2098–2108

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feil S, Stowbur D, Schörg BF et al (2023) Noninvasive detection of smooth muscle cell-derived hot spots to study atherosclerosis by PET/MRI in mice. Circ Res 132:747–750

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Velzen SGM, Dobrolinska MM, Knaapen P et al (2023) Automated cardiovascular risk categorization through AI-driven coronary calcium quantification in cardiac PET acquired attenuation correction CT. J Nucl Cardiol 30:955–969

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zan C, An J, Wu Z, Li S (2023) Engineering molecular nanoprobes to target early atherosclerosis: precise diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic carriers. Nanotheranostics 7:327–344

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blach A, Kwiecinski J (2023) The role of positron emission tomography in advancing the understanding of the pathogenesis of heart and vascular diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 13:1791

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bucerius J, Dijkgraaf I, Mottaghy FM, Schurgers LJ (2019) Target identification for the diagnosis and intervention of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques beyond 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging: promising tracers on the horizon. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 46:251–265

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fu Z, Lin Q, Xu Z et al (2022) P2X7 receptor-specific radioligand 18F-FTTM for atherosclerotic plaque PET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49:2595–2604

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maekawa K, Tsuji AB, Yamashita A et al (2021) Translocator protein imaging with 18F-FEDAC-positron emission tomography in rabbit atherosclerosis and its presence in human coronary vulnerable plaques. Atherosclerosis 337:7–17

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stein S, Weber J, Nusser-Stein S et al (2021) Deletion of fibroblast activation protein provides atheroprotection. Cardiovasc Res 117:1060–1069

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kosmala A, Serfling SE, Michalski K et al (2023) Molecular imaging of arterial fibroblast activation protein: association with calcified plaque burden and cardiovascular risk factors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 50:3011–3021

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei Y, Zheng J, Ma L et al (2022) [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04: FAP-targeting specificity, biodistribution, and PET/CT imaging of various cancers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49:2761–2773

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang S, Zhou X, Xu X et al (2021) Clinical translational evaluation of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI for fibroblast activation protein-targeted tumour imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 48:4259–4271

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gong JN, Chen BX, Xing HQ, Huo L, Yang YH, Yang MF (2023) Pulmonary artery imaging with 68 Ga-FAPI-04 in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J Nucl Cardiol 30:1166–1172

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu M, Ning J, Li J et al (2022) Feasibility of in vivo imaging of fibroblast activation protein in human arterial walls. J Nucl Med 63:948–951

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Izquierdo-Garcia D, Diyabalanage H, Ramsay IA et al (2022) Imaging high-risk atherothrombosis using a novel fibrin-binding positron emission tomography probe. Stroke 53:595–604

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang Z, Cheng XQ, Liu HY et al (2022) Relation of carotid plaque features detected with ultrasonography-based radiomics to clinical symptoms. Transl Stroke Res 13:970–982

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Lin Z, Zhang X et al (2022) 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA PET/CT imaging: biodistribution, dosimetry, and preliminary application in prostate cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 9:811972

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yruela I, Oldfield CJ, Niklas KJ, Dunker AK (2017) Evidence for a strong correlation between transcription factor protein disorder and organismic complexity. Genome Biol Evol 9:1248–1265

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kafouris PP, Koutagiar IP, Georgakopoulos AT, Spyrou GM, Visvikis D, Anagnostopoulos CD (2021) Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-based textural features for prediction of event prone carotid atherosclerotic plaques. J Nucl Cardiol 28:1861–1871

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brokopp CE, Schoenauer R, Richards P et al (2011) Fibroblast activation protein is induced by inflammation and degrades type I collagen in thin-cap fibroatheromata. Eur Heart J 32:2713–2722

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Piri R, Lici G, Riyahimanesh P, Gerke O, Alavi A, Høilund-Carlsen PF (2021) Two-year change in 18F-sodium fluoride uptake in major arteries of healthy subjects and angina pectoris patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 37:3115–3126

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bacour YAA, van Kanten MP, Smit F et al (2023) Development of a simple standardized scoring system for assessing large vessel vasculitis by 18F-FDG PET-CT and differentiation from atherosclerosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 50:2647–2655

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel NH, Osborne MT, Teague H et al (2021) Heightened splenic and bone marrow uptake of 18F-FDG PET/CT is associated with systemic inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis by CCTA in psoriasis: an observational study. Atherosclerosis 339:20–26

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kitagawa T, Nakano Y (2022) Innovative atherosclerosis imaging using 18F-NaF PET/CT: Its clinical potential. J Nucl Cardiol 29:1724–1728

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oliveira-Santos M, Castelo-Branco M, Silva R et al (2017) Atherosclerotic plaque metabolism in high cardiovascular risk subjects - a subclinical atherosclerosis imaging study with 18F-NaF PET-CT. Atherosclerosis 260:41–46

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kircher M, Tran-Gia J, Kemmer L et al (2020) Imaging Inflammation in Atherosclerosis with CXCR4-Directed 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT: correlation with 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med 61:751–756

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weiberg D, Thackeray JT, Daum G et al (2018) Clinical molecular imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in atherosclerotic plaque using 68Ga-pen