Chiloiro S, De Marinis L (2023) The immune microenviroment in somatotropinomas: from biology to personalized and target therapy. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 24(2):283–295

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ilie MD, Vasiljevic A, Raverot G, Bertolino P (2019) The microenvironment of pituitary Tumors—Biological and therapeutic implications. Cancers (Basel) 11(10):1605

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marques P, Korbonits M (2023) Tumour microenvironment and pituitary tumour behaviour. J Endocrinol Invest 46(6):1047–1063

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiu L, Yang J, Wang H, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wu Q (2013) Expression of T-helper-associated cytokines in the serum of pituitary adenoma patients preoperatively and postperatively. Med Hypotheses 80(6):781–786

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marques P, Barry S, Carlsen E, Collier D, Ronaldson A, Dorward N, Grieve J, Mendoza N, Nair R, Muquit S, Grossman AB, Korbonits M (2020) The role of the tumour microenvironment in the angiogenesis of pituitary tumours. Endocrine 70(3):593–606

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ilie M-D, Vasiljevic A, Bertolino P, Raverot G (2023) Biological and therapeutic implications of the tumor microenvironment in pituitary adenomas. Endocr Rev 44(2):297–311

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raverot G, Ilie MD, Lasolle H, Amodru V, Trouillas J, Castinetti F, Brue T (2021) Aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas. Nat Rev Endocrinol 17(11):671–684

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, Ben-Shlomo A, Bertherat J, Biermasz NR, Boguszewski CL, Bronstein MD, Buchfelder M, Carmichael JD, Casanueva FF, Castinetti F, Chanson P, Findling J, Gadelha M, Geer EB, Giustina A, Grossman A, Gurnell M, Ho K, Ioachimescu AG, Kaiser UB, Karavitaki N, Katznelson L, Kelly DF, Lacroix A, McCormack A, Melmed S, Molitch M, Mortini P, Newell-Price J, Nieman L, Pereira AM, Petersenn S, Pivonello R, Raff H, Reincke M, Salvatori R, Scaroni C, Shimon I, Stratakis CA, Swearingen B, Tabarin A, Takahashi Y, Theodoropoulou M, Tsagarakis S, Valassi E, Varlamov EV, Vila G, Wass J, Webb SM, Zatelli MC, Biller BMK (2021) Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing’s disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 9(12):847–875

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Giustina A, Biermasz N, Casanueva FF, Fleseriu M, Mortini P, Strasburger C, van der Lely AJ, Wass J, Melmed S, Banfi G, Barkan A, Beckers A, Bidlingmaier M, Boguszewski C, Brue T, Buchfelder M, Chanson P, Chiloiro S, Colao A, Coopmans E, Esposito D, Ferone D, Frara S, Gadelha M, Geer EB, Ghigo E, Greenman Y, Gurnell M, Ho K, Ioachimescu A, Johannsson G, Jørgensen JO, Kaiser UB, Karavitaki N, Katznelson L, Lamberts S, Losa M, Luger A, Luque R, Maffei P, Marazuela M, Neggers S, Pereira A, Persani L, Petersenn S, Reincke M, Salvatori R, Samson SN, Schilbach K, Shimon I, Tsagarakis S, Zatelli MC (2024) Consensus on criteria for acromegaly diagnosis and remission. Pituitary;27(1):7–22

Petersenn S, Fleseriu M, Casanueva FF, Giustina A, Biermasz N, Biller BMK, Bronstein M, Chanson P, Fukuoka H, Gadelha M, Greenman Y, Gurnell M, Ho KKY, Honegger J, Ioachimescu AG, Kaiser UB, Karavitaki N, Katznelson L, Lodish M, Maiter D, Marcus HJ, McCormack A, Molitch M, Muir CA, Neggers S, Pereira AM, Pivonello R, Post K, Raverot G, Salvatori R, Samson SL, Shimon I, Spencer-Segal J, Vila G, Wass J, Melmed S (2023) Diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a pituitary society international consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 19(12):722–740

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wass JAH, Reddy R, Karavitaki N (2011) The postoperative monitoring of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Nat Rev Endocrinol 7(7):431–434

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chiloiro S, Giampietro A, Gessi M, Lauretti L, Mattogno PP, Cerroni L, Carlino A, De Alessandris QG, Olivi A, Rindi G, Pontecorvi A, De Marinis L, Doglietto F, Bianchi A (2023) CD68 + and CD8 + immune cells are associated with the growth pattern of somatotroph tumors and response to first generation somatostatin analogs. J Neuroendocrinol 35(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13263

Chiloiro S, Moroni R, Giampietro A, Angelini F, Gessi M, Lauretti L, Mattogno PP, Calandrelli R, Tartaglione T, Carlino A, Gaudino S, Olivi A, Rindi G, De Marinis L, Pontecorvi A, Doglietto F, Bianchi A (2024) The multibiomarker Acro-TIME score predicts fg-SRLs response: preliminary results of a retrospective acromegaly cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 109(5):1341–1350

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chiloiro S, Bianchi A, Doglietto F, de Waure C, Giampietro A, Fusco A, Iacovazzo D, Tartaglione L, Di Nardo F, Signorelli F, Lauriola L, Anile C, Rindi G, Maira G, Pontecorvi A, De Marinis L (2013) Radically resected pituitary adenomas: prognostic role of Ki 67 labeling index in a monocentric retrospective series and literature review. Pituitary. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-013-0500-6

Article  Google Scholar 

Chiloiro S, Angelini F (2016) An overview of diagnosis of primary autoimmune hypophysitis in a prospective Single-Center experience.:1–11

Hu Q, Qin Q, Xu S, Zhou L, Xia C, Shi X, Zhang H, Jia J, Ye C, Yin Z, Hu G (2020) Pituitary actions of EGF on gonadotropins, growth hormone, prolactin and somatolactins in grass carp. Biology (Basel) 9(9):279

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper O, Vlotides G, Fukuoka H, Greene MI, Melmed S (2011) Expression and function of erbb receptors and ligands in the pituitary. Endocr Relat Cancer 18(6):R197–R211

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Trouillas J, Delgrange E, Wierinckx A, Vasiljevic A, Jouanneau E, Burman P, Raverot G (2019) Clinical, pathological, and molecular factors of aggressiveness in lactotroph tumours. Neuroendocrinology 109(1):70–76

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper O, Bonert VS, Rudnick J, Pressman BD, Lo J, Salvatori R, Yuen KCJ, Fleseriu M, Melmed S (2021) EGFR/ErbB2-Targeting lapatinib therapy for aggressive prolactinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(2):e917–e925

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asari Y, Kageyama K, Sugiyama A, Kogawa H, Niioka K, Daimon M (2019) Lapatinib decreases the ACTH production and proliferation of corticotroph tumor cells. Endocr J 66(6):515–522

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper O, Mamelak A, Bannykh S, Carmichael J, Bonert V, Lim S, Cook-Wiens G, Ben-Shlomo A (2014) Prolactinoma erbb receptor expression and targeted therapy for aggressive tumors. Endocrine 46(2):318–327

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marques P, Barry S, Carlsen E, Collier D, Ronaldson A, Awad S, Dorward N, Grieve J, Mendoza N, Muquit S, Grossman AB, Balkwill F, Korbonits M (2019) Chemokines modulate the tumour microenvironment in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Acta Neuropathol Commun 7(1):172

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Principe M, Chanal M, Ilie MD, Ziverec A, Vasiljevic A, Jouanneau E, Hennino A, Raverot G, Bertolino P (2020) Immune landscape of pituitary tumors reveals association between macrophages and gonadotroph tumor invasion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105(11):3459–3473

Article  Google Scholar 

Petitto J (1997) Isolation of IL-2 Receptor-β cDNA clones from AtT-20 pituitary cells: constitutive expression and role in signal transduction. Neuropsychopharmacology 17(2):57–66

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hanisch U-K, Quirion R (1995) Interleukin-2 as a neuroregulatory cytokine. Brain Res Rev 21(3):246–284

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arzt E, Stelzer G, Renner U, Lange M, Müller OA, Stalla GK (1992) Interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor expression in human corticotrophic adenoma and murine pituitary cell cultures. J Clin Invest 90(5):1944–1951

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vindeløv SD, Hartoft-Nielsen M-L, Rasmussen ÅK, Bendtzen K, Kosteljanetz M, Andersson A-M, Feldt-Rasmussen U (2011) Interleukin-8 production from human somatotroph adenoma cells is stimulated by interleukin-1β and inhibited by growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin. Growth Hormon IGF Res 21(3):134–139

Article  Google Scholar 

Singh S, Anshita D, Ravichandiran V (2021) MCP-1: function, regulation, and involvement in disease. Int Immunopharmacol 101:107598

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar