Abstract Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin S, leading to various complications. This study aimed to assess the spectrum of SCD-related complications and outcomes among pediatric patients at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital in Tanzania. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, reviewing medical records of pediatric SCD patients admitted between June 2019 and June 2023. Results: The study found an inpatient prevalence of 7.7% for SCD. Vaso-occlusive pain events (68%), infections (55.3%), and severe anaemia (27.7%) were the leading causes of admission. Low rates of hydroxyurea (11.4%) and penicillin V (28.3%) use was observed. The median haemoglobin level was 6.5 g/dL, indicating significant anaemia. Newly diagnosed patients (50%) had an average age of 5.12 years at diagnosis, suggesting delayed identification. The mortality rate was 3%. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need of improved early diagnosis, management strategies, and access to essential medications for pediatric SCD patients in Tanzania. Implementation of newborn screening programs and increased awareness about SCD management could significantly improve patient outcomes. Key Terms: Sickle cell disease (SCD), Pediatric patients, Vaso-occlusive crisis, Hydroxyurea, Anemia, Delayed diagnosis, Tanzania, Complications, Mortality, Newborn screening

The authors have declared no competing interest.

This study was funded by Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

The study received ethical approval from the Mbeya Medical Research and Ethics Committee and permission

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All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors