Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy Vol. 13(3), pp. 342 - 354
DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130306
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Mazzura Wan Chik 1, Meor Mohd Redzuan Meor Mohd Affandi 2, Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal 3, Nurul Aqmar Mohd Nor Hazalin 1,4, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh 1,5,*
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
3 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
4 Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMiSE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
5 Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Astaxanthin, a ketocarotenoid compound belonging to the xanthophyll class, has shown potent antioxidant characteristics when compared to other antioxidants. It has been widely studied and used in in vivo and in vitro models for its biological activity against diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and skin disease due to its antioxidant ability to combat the oxidative stress that causes inflammation. However, its lipid-soluble nature has limited its clinical applicability due to low oral bioavailability. Astaxanthin in the form of nanoemulsions and nanoparticles demonstrated better oral bioavailability, more stability, and higher cell penetration. Despite their superior properties, the use of astaxanthin nanoemulsions and nanoparticles in pre-clinical animal models for treating various chronic diseases remains limited. Four different databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct, were searched using the keywords ‘astaxanthin nanoemulsion' OR ‘astaxanthin nanoparticles' AND ‘disease' to find research journals for this review. The term ‘disease' was replaced with the names of specific diseases such as cancer, brain disorder, stress, diabetes, and liver disease. This review focuses on recent developments in the use of astaxanthin nanoemulsions and nanoparticles in chronic disease management, and it is expected to be useful for future research.

KEYWORDS
Astaxanthin Nanoemulsion, Astaxanthin Nanoparticle, Astaxanthin Therapeutic Potential

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Mazzura Wan Chik , Meor Mohd Redzuan Meor Mohd Affandi , Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal , Nurul Aqmar Mohd Nor Hazalin , Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh , "Astaxanthin Nanoemulsion and Nanoparticle Formulations and Their Therapeutic Potential: A Review," Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 342 - 354, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130306.

(b). APA Format:
Mazzura Wan Chik , Meor Mohd Redzuan Meor Mohd Affandi , Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal , Nurul Aqmar Mohd Nor Hazalin , Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh (2025). Astaxanthin Nanoemulsion and Nanoparticle Formulations and Their Therapeutic Potential: A Review. Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 13(3), 342 - 354. DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130306.