1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;

2Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;

3Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;

4Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;

5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Correspondence: Edward L. Barnes, MD, MPH. E-mail: [email protected].