Glassberg MK. Overview of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, evidence-based guidelines, and recent developments in the treatment landscape. Am J Manag Care. 2019;25:S195–S203.
Yu G, Tzouvelekis A, Wang R, Herazo-Maya JD, Ibarra GH, Srivastava A, et al. Thyroid hormone inhibits lung fibrosis in mice by improving epithelial mitochondrial function. Nat Med. 2018;24:39–49.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
He Z, Zhu Y, Jiang H. Inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 signaling ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis during acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide: an experimental study. Respir Res. 2009;10:126.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vancheri C, Crimi N, Conte E, Pistorio MP, Mastruzzo C, Lamicela M, et al. Human lung fibroblasts inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by LPS-activated monocytes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1996;15:460–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Richeldi L, Cottin V, du Bois RM, Selman M, Kimura T, Bailes Z, et al. Nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Combined evidence from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS((R)) trials. Respir Med. 2016;113:74–9.
Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y, Garcia CA, Azuma A, Behr J, et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline: treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. An update of the 2011 clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;192:e3–19.
King TE Jr., Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, Fagan EA, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, et al. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2083–92.
John AE, Joseph C, Jenkins G, Tatler AL. COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: a potential role for lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Immunol Rev. 2021;302:228–40.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wu N, Li Z, Wang J, Geng L, Yue Y, Deng Z, et al. Low molecular weight fucoidan attenuating pulmonary fibrosis by relieving inflammatory reaction and progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Carbohydr Polym. 2021;273:118567.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lin X, Duan X, Liang YY, Su Y, Wrighton KH, Long J, et al. PPM1A functions as a Smad phosphatase to terminate TGFβ signaling. Cell. 2006;125:915–28.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang T, Wen F, Wu Y, Goh GS, Ge Z, Tan LP, et al. Cross-talk between TGF-beta/SMAD and integrin signaling pathways in regulating hypertrophy of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis under deferral dynamic compression. Biomaterials. 2015;38:72–85.
Ye Z, Hu Y. TGF‑β1: Gentlemanly orchestrator in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2021;48:1–14.
Martinez FJ, Collard HR, Pardo A, Raghu G, Richeldi L, Selman M, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2017;3:17074.
Kolb M, Margetts PJ, Anthony DC, Pitossi F, Gauldie J. Transient expression of IL-1beta induces acute lung injury and chronic repair leading to pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2001;107:1529–36.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Schroder K, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell. 2010;140:821–32.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jiang W, Li M, He F, Zhou S, Zhu L. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome to attenuate spinal cord injury in mice. J Neuroinflamm. 2017;14:207.
Lasithiotaki I, Giannarakis I, Tsitoura E, Samara KD, Margaritopoulos GA, Choulaki C, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid lung. Eur Respir J. 2016;47:910–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tang R, Wang YC, Mei X, Shi N, Sun C, Ran R, et al. LncRNA GAS5 attenuates fibroblast activation through inhibiting Smad3 signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2020;319:C105–C115.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Inman GJ, Nicolas FJ, Hill CS. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smads 2, 3, and 4 permits sensing of TGF-beta receptor activity. Mol Cell. 2002;10:283–94.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Afonina IS, Zhong Z, Karin M, Beyaert R. Limiting inflammation-the negative regulation of NF-kappaB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nat Immunol. 2017;18:861–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sun W, Yu Y, Dotti G, Shen T, Tan X, Savoldo B, et al. PPM1A and PPM1B act as IKKbeta phosphatases to terminate TNFalpha-induced IKKbeta-NF-kappaB activation. Cell Signal. 2009;21:95–102.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Evangelista S. Otilonium bromide: a selective spasmolytic for the gastrointestinal tract. J Int Med Res. 1999;27:207–22.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wang L, Wang X, Chen J, Yang Z, Yu L, Hu L, et al. Activation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase PP2Cα efficiently prevents liver fibrosis. PLoS One. 2010;5:e14230.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Della Latta V, Cecchettini A, Del Ry S, Morales MA. Bleomycin in the setting of lung fibrosis induction: From biological mechanisms to counteractions. Pharmacol Res. 2015;97:122–30.
Xu J, Li W, Xu S, Gao W, Yu Z. Effect of dermatan sulphate on a C57-mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. J Int Med Res. 2019;47:2655–65.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Inomata M, Kamio K, Azuma A, Matsuda K, Kokuho N, Miura Y, et al. Pirfenidone inhibits fibrocyte accumulation in the lungs in bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res. 2014;15:16.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mecozzi L, Mambrini M, Ruscitti F, Ferrini E, Ciccimarra R, Ravanetti F, et al. In-vivo lung fibrosis staging in a bleomycin-mouse model: a new micro-CT guided densitometric approach. Sci Rep. 2020;10:18735.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Park J, Jung J, Yoon SH, Hong H, Kim H, Kim H, et al. CT quantification of the heterogeneity of fibrosis boundaries in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Radio. 2021;31:5148–59.
Lee HE, Myong JP, Kim HR, Rhee CK, Yoon HK, Koo JW. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016;20:978–84.
Natsuizaka M, Chiba H, Kuronuma K, Otsuka M, Kudo K, Mori M, et al. Epidemiologic survey of Japanese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and investigation of ethnic differences. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190:773–9.
Zhao T, Wang J, He A, Wang S, Chen Y, Lu J, et al. Mebhydrolin ameliorates glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice by functioning as a selective FXR antagonist. Metabolism. 2021;119:154771.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhao T, Zhou Z, Zhao S, Wan H, Li H, Hou J, et al. Vincamine as an agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 40 effectively ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Phytomedicine. 2023;118:154919.
Comments (0)