Everhart JE, Ruhl CE. Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part II: lower gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:741–54.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tursi A, Scarpignato C, Strate LL, et al. Colonic diverticular disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6:20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shahedi K, Fuller G, Bolus R, et al. Long-term risk of acute diverticulitis among patients with incidental diverticulosis found during colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:1609–13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC, et al. Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States: update 2018. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:254-272.e11.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brodribb A, Humphreys DM. Diverticular disease: three studies. Part I—relation to other disorders and fibre intake. Br Med J. 1976;1:424–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manousos O, Day NE, Tzonou A, et al. Diet and other factors in the aetiology of diverticulosis: an epidemiological study in Greece. Gut. 1985;26:544–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL, Rockett HRH, et al. A prospective study of dietary fiber types and symptomatic diverticular disease in men. J Nutr. 1998;128:714–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crowe FL, Appleby PN, Allen NE, et al. Diet and risk of diverticular disease in Oxford cohort of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): prospective study of British vegetarians and non-vegetarians. BMJ. 2011;343:d4131.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crowe FL, Balkwill A, Cairns BJ, et al. Source of dietary fibre and diverticular disease incidence: a prospective study of UK women. Gut. 2014;63:1450–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peery AF, Barrett PR, Park D, et al. A high-fiber diet does not protect against asymptomatic diverticulosis. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(266–272): e1.

Google Scholar 

Ma W, Chan AT. Does subclinical inflammation play a role in the pathogenesis of diverticulosis? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16:817–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barbara G, Scaioli E, Barbaro MR, et al. Gut microbiota, metabolome and immune signatures in patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease. Gut. 2017;66:1252–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schafmayer C, Harrison JW, Buch S, et al. Genome-wide association analysis of diverticular disease points towards neuromuscular, connective tissue and epithelial pathomechanisms. Gut. 2019;68:854–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maguire LH, Handelman SK, Du X, et al. Genome-wide association analyses identify 39 new susceptibility loci for diverticular disease. Nat Genet. 2018;50:1359–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bassotti G, Battaglia E, De Roberto G, et al. Alterations in colonic motility and relationship to pain in colonic diverticulosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:248–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tursi A, Mastromarino P, Capobianco D, et al. Assessment of fecal microbiota and fecal metabolome in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;50(Suppl 1):S9-s12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laghi L, Mastromarino P, Elisei W, et al. Impact of treatments on fecal microbiota and fecal metabolome in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon: a pilot study. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018;32:1421–32.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maxner B, McGoldrick J, Bellavance D, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with lower prevalence of asymptomatic diverticulosis: a cross-sectional colonoscopy-based study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20:221.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Methé BA, Nelson KE, Pop M, et al. A framework for human microbiome research. Nature. 2012;486:215–21.

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beghini F, McIver LJ, Blanco-Míguez A, et al. Integrating taxonomic, functional, and strain-level profiling of diverse microbial communities with bioBakery 3. eLife. 2021;10:e65088.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Segata N, Waldron L, Ballarini A, et al. Metagenomic microbial community profiling using unique clade-specific marker genes. Nat Methods. 2012;9:811–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Franzosa EA, McIver LJ, Rahnavard G, et al. Species-level functional profiling of metagenomes and metatranscriptomes. Nat Methods. 2018;15:962–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods. 2012;9:357–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Suzek BE, Huang H, McGarvey P, et al. UniRef: comprehensive and non-redundant UniProt reference clusters. Bioinformatics. 2007;23:1282–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buchfink B, Xie C, Huson DH. Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND. Nat Methods. 2015;12:59–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caspi R, Billington R, Ferrer L, et al. The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes and the BioCyc collection of pathway/genome databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44:D471–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, et al. Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135:1114–26; discussion 1127-36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wolf AM, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, et al. Reproducibility and validity of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire. Int J Epidemiol. 1994;23:991–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Leon AS, et al. Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25:71–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heinzl H, Mittlböck M. Pseudo R-squared measures for Poisson regression models with over- or underdispersion. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2003;44:253–71.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cameron AC, Windmeijer FAG. R-squared measures for count data regression models with applications to health-care utilization. J Bus Econ Stat. 1996;14:209–20.

Google Scholar 

Mallick H, McIver LJ, Rahnavard A, et al. Multivariable association discovery in population-scale meta-omics studies. 2020.

Google Scholar 

Knights D, Silverberg MS, Weersma RK, et al. Complex host genetics influence the microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease. Genome Medicine. 2014;6:107.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central