M.E. Cabanillas, D.G. McFadden, C. Durante, Thyroid cancer. Lancet 388, 2783–2795 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30172-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

B.R. Haugen, E.K. Alexander, K.C. Bible et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 26, 1–133 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2015.0020

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

S.A. Wells, S.L. Asa, H. Dralle et al. Revised American Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 25, 567–610 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2014.0335

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

S.A. Wells, B.G. Robinson, R.F. Gagel et al. Vandetanib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 134–141 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.35.5040

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

M. Schlumberger, M. Tahara, L.J. Wirth et al. Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N. Engl. J. Med 372, 621–630 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1406470

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

L.D. Locati, A. Piovesan, C. Durante et al. Real-world efficacy and safety of lenvatinib: data from a compassionate use in the treatment of radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patients in Italy. Eur. J. Cancer 118, 35–40 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.05.031

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

A. Berdelou, I. Borget, Y. Godbert, T. Nguyen, M.E. Garcia, C.N. Chougnet, A. Ferru, C. Buffet, O. Chabre, O. Huillard, S. Leboulleux, M. Schlumberger, Lenvatinib for the Treatment of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer in real-life practice. Thyroid 28(1), 72–78 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2017.0205

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

L. Fugazzola, R. Elisei, D. Fuhrer et al. 2019 European thyroid association guidelines for the treatment and follow-up of advanced radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Eur. Thyroid J. 8, 227–245 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1159/000502229

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

T. Porcelli, F. Sessa, C. Luongo, D. Salvatore, Local ablative therapy of oligoprogressive TKI-treated thyroid cancer. J. Endocrinol. Invest 42, 871–879 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-019-1001-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

A. Nervo, F. Retta, A. Ragni et al. Management of progressive radioiodine-refractory thyroid carcinoma: current perspective. Cancer Manag. Res. 14, 3047–3062 (2022). https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S340967

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

H.A. Yu, C.S. Sima, J. Huang et al. Local therapy with continued EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy as a treatment strategy in EGFR-mutant advanced lung cancers that have developed acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J. Thorac. Oncol. 8, 346–351 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e31827e1f83

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

B. Qiu, Y. Liang, Q. Li et al. Local therapy for oligoprogressive disease in patients with advanced stage non–small-cell lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutation. Clin. Lung Cancer 18, e369–e373 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2017.04.002

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

C.J. Gomes-Lima, D. Wu, S.N. Rao et al. Brain metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma: prevalence, current therapies, and outcomes. J. Endocr. Soc. 3, 359–371 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2018-00241

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

A. Nervo, A. Ragni, F. Retta et al. Interventional radiology approaches for liver metastases from thyroid cancer: a case series and overview of the literature. J. Gastrointest. Cancer 52, 823–832 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-021-00646-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

M.E. Cabanillas, S. Takahashi, Managing the adverse events associated with lenvatinib therapy in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Semin Oncol. 46, 57–64 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.11.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D. Wu, C.J. Gomes Lima, S.L. Moreau et al. Improved survival after multimodal approach with 131I treatment in patients with bone metastases secondary to differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 29, 971–978 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2018.0582

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

N.-W. Sheu, H.-J. Jiang, C.-W. Wu et al. Lenvatinib complementary with radioiodine therapy for patients with advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma: case reports and literature review. World J. Surg. Oncol. 17, 84 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-019-1626-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

U.A. Herranz, Use of multikinase inhibitors/lenvatinib concomitant with radioiodine for the treatment of radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Cancer Med. 11, 47–53 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5105

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

E.A. Eisenhauer, P. Therasse, J. Bogaerts et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur. J. Cancer 45, 228–247 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

(2017) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)

C. Colombo, S. De Leo, M. Trevisan et al. Daily management of patients on multikinase inhibitors’ treatment. Front Oncol. 12, 903532 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.903532

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

S. Takahashi, N. Kiyota, T. Yamazaki et al. A Phase II study of the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib in patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Future Oncol. 15, 717–726 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2018-0557

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

S.A. Laurie, S. Banerji, N. Blais et al. Canadian consensus: oligoprogressive, pseudoprogressive, and oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Curr. Oncol. 26, 81–93 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3747/co.26.4116

Article  Google Scholar 

S. Filetti, C. Durante, D.M. Hartl et al. ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline update on the use of systemic therapy in advanced thyroid cancer. Ann. Oncol. 33, 674–684 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.009

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

T. Alonso‐Gordoa, Multimodal approach to the treatment of patients with radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and metastases to the central nervous system. Cancer Med. 11, 33–39 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.4901

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

A.G. Gianoukakis, C.E. Dutcus, N. Batty et al. Prolonged duration of response in lenvatinib responders with thyroid cancer. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 25, 699–704 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0049

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

A. Farooki, V. Leung, H. Tala, R.M. Tuttle, Skeletal-related events due to bone metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 2433–2439 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1169

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar