Research ArticleImmunologyOncology Open Access | 10.1172/JCI181612

Chuangyu Wen,1,2 Liangliang Wang,3 András Piffkó,1,2,4 Dapeng Chen,1,2 Xianbin Yu,5,6 Katarzyna Zawieracz,7 Jason Bugno,1,2 Kaiting Yang,1,2 Emile Z. Naccasha,1,2 Fei Ji,1,2 Jiaai Wang,1,2 Xiaona Huang,1,2 Stephen Y. Luo,8 Lei Tan,9 Bin Shen,9 Cheng Luo,10,11 Megan E. McNerney,7 Steven J. Chmura,1,2 Ainhoa Arina,1,2 Sean Pitroda,1,2 Chuan He,5,6 Hua Laura Liang,1,2 and Ralph R. Weichselbaum1,2

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wen, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wang, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Piffkó, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Chen, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Yu, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Zawieracz, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Bugno, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Yang, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Naccasha, E. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Ji, F. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wang, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Huang, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Luo, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Tan, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Shen, B. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Luo, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by McNerney, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Chmura, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Arina, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Address correspondence to: Ralph R. Weichselbaum or Hua Laura Liang, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. Email: rweichselbaum@bsd.uchicago.edu (RRW); Email: hualiang@uchicago.edu (HLL). Or to: Chuan He, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Email: chuanhe@uchicago.edu.

Authorship note: CW and LW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Pitroda, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and

2Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

3The Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecological Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

4Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

5Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,

6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and

7Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

8Biomedical Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

9State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

10State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

11Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

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