My choice is “Deep mutational scanning of H5 hemagglutinin to inform influenza virus surveillance” by Dadonaite et al., [4]. This systematic study of the effects of mutations can inform real-time interpretation of viral variation observed during surveillance of H5 influenza, which is of particular value given the ongoing broad circulation in mammals and birds worldwide, including US cattle farms.

My choice is “Transcriptomic analysis of the 12 major human breast cell types reveals mechanisms of cell and tissue function” by Del Toro et al., [5]. These authors perform a transcriptomic analysis of the 12 major cell types of the human breast and provide an invaluable resource to study cell-intrinsic characteristics and human breast tissue composition. This information is crucial to understanding breast cancer and other pathologies.

My choice is “Single-fly genome assemblies fill major phylogenomic gaps across the Drosophilidae Tree of Life” by Kim et al., [6]. Our genomic view of the Tree of Life of small organisms has been restricted by our ability to grow them in the lab in sufficient numbers to generate large amounts of DNA. These authors get around this problem in the case of the Drosophilidae, a large family of tiny fruit flies. The authors generate new genome assemblies for 179 species of drosophilids, but incredibly, for 121 of these species, the assembly is based on DNA from a single individual fly.

My choice is “Selective suppression of oligodendrocyte-derived amyloid beta rescues neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease” by Rajani et al., [7]. This paper is one of a few papers this year that reveal the importance of oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease. This type of glia cells has received relatively little attention in the context of many neurodegenerative diseases, so it’s interesting to know that they apparently contribute actively to the pathology as well.

My choice is “A new lineage nomenclature to aid genomic surveillance of dengue virus” by Hill et al., [8]. In this Consensus View, the authors propose a new lineage nomenclature system for dengue virus (DENV) that will facilitate better classification and monitoring of DENV sub-lineages. Given the increasing genetic diversity and prevalence of DENV, this work is crucial in ensuring this diversity is effectively identified and monitored. This updated classification system will therefore be important for informing public health authorities and their efforts to track and prevent DENV transmission.

My choice is “The extracellular matrix supports breast cancer cell growth under amino acid starvation by promoting tyrosine catabolism” by Nazemi et al., [9]. Here, the authors studied how extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment supports breast cancer growth. They found that invasive breast cancer cells internalize extracellular matrix components via macropinocytosis, providing a source of amino acids via phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism.

My choice is “Neuronal cell cycle reentry events in the aging brain are more prevalent in neurodegeneration and lead to cellular senescence” by Wu et al., [10]. During aging there is evidence that a small number of terminally differentiated neurons can upregulate genes related to the cell cycle. This study has developed a potentially broadly useful approach to identify and characterize these cells in human and mouse snRNA-seq datasets - and they use this approach to provide interesting insights into the prevalence and fate of these neurons in aging and neurodegeneration.

My choice is "An evolutionarily conserved pathway mediated by neuroparsin-A regulates reproductive plasticity in ants" by Zhang et al., [11]. In social insects, events such as mating or a depletion in certain pheromones can cause females with reproductive potential to express queen-like traits. In this study, the authors show that, in two ant species, a conserved neuropeptide suppresses reproduction and induces worker-like behavioral patterns. This study provides another piece in the puzzle of how social insects evolved to use ancestral neurohormone pathways in new ways to support polyphenism related to caste and reproductive status.

My choice is “Multicellular magnetotactic bacteria are genetically heterogeneous consortia with metabolically differentiated cells" by Schaible et al., [12], which explores the complex lifestyle of multicellular magnetotactic bacteria— the only known bacteria that entirely lack a unicellular stage in their life cycle. The study shows that these consortia are formed of genetically diverse cells that exhibit a clear division of labor. These findings not only highlight the complexity of these unique organisms but also expand our understanding of the diverse strategies that bacteria have developed to thrive in various environments.