Tian J, Zhang D, Yao X, Huang Y, Lu Q. Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive systematic analysis and modelling study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard-2022-223035.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lourenço EV, La Cava A. Cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Mol Med. 2009;9:242–54. https://doi.org/10.2174/156652409787847263.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Demkova K, Morris DL, Vyse TJ. Genetics of SLE: does this explain susceptibility and severity across racial groups? Rheumatology. 2023;62:i15-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keac695.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lawrence JS, Martins CL, Drake GL. A family survey of lupus erythematosus. 1. Heritability. J Rheumatol. 1987;14:913–21.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kawai T. Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Front Immunol n.d.

Pan L, Lu M-P, Wang J-H, Xu M, Yang S-R. Immunological pathogenesis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. World J Pediatr. 2020;16:19–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-019-00229-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berland R, Fernandez L, Kari E, Han J-H, Lomakin I, Akira S, et al. Toll-like receptor 7-dependent loss of B cell tolerance in pathogenic autoantibody knockin mice. Immunity. 2006;25:429–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2006.07.014.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Obermoser G, Pascual V. The interferon-α signature of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2010;19:1012–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203310371161.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Azab MM, Mostafa FM, Khalil M, Salama M, Abdelrahman AA, Ali AA. Association of TLR7 and TLR9 genes polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Heliyon. 2022;8:e11680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11680.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pacheco GV, Novelo Noh IB, Velasco Cárdenas RM-H, Angulo Ramírez AV, López Villanueva RF, Quintal Ortiz IG, et al. Expression of TLR-7, MyD88, NF-kB, and INF-α in B lymphocytes of Mayan women with systemic lupus erythematosus in Mexico. Front Immunol. 2016;7:22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00022.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ahmed Ratib B, Mohammed Saud A. Relationship between toll-like receptors and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Bionatura. 2023;8:1–5. https://doi.org/10.21931/RB/2023.08.02.28.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang C-M, Chang S-W, Wu Y-JJ, Lin J-C, Ho H-H, Chou T-C, et al. Genetic variations in Toll-like receptors (TLRs 3/7/8) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a Taiwanese population. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3792. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03792.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dos Santos B, Valverde J, Rohr P, Monticielo O, Brenol J, Xavier R, et al. TLR7/8/9 polymorphisms and their associations in systemic lupus erythematosus patients from Southern Brazil. Lupus. 2012;21:302–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203311425522.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Skonieczna K, Woźniacka A, Czajkowski R, Styczyński J, Krenska A, Robak E, et al. X-linked TLR7 gene polymorphisms are associated with diverse immunological conditions but not with discoid lupus erythematosus in Polish patients. Adv Dermatol Allergol. 2018;35:26–32. https://doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2017.69984.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shen N, Fu Q, Deng Y, Qian X, Zhao J, Kaufman KM, et al. Sex-specific association of X-linked Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) with male systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107:15838–43. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001337107.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ryckman K, Williams SM. Calculation and use of the Hardy–Weinberg model in association studies. Curr Protoc Hum Genet 2008;Chapter 1:Unit 1.18. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142905.hg0118s57.

Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25:603–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Valencia X, Yarboro C, Illei G, Lipsky PE. Deficient CD4 + CD25 high T regulatory cell function in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus1. J Immunol. 2007;178:2579–88. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2579.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bonasia CG, Abdulahad WH, Rutgers A, Heeringa P, Bos NA. B cell activation and escape of tolerance checkpoints: recent insights from studying autoreactive B cells. Cells. 2021;10:1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10051190.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ohl K, Tenbrock K. Inflammatory cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:432595. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/432595.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kawasaki A, Furukawa H, Kondo Y, Ito S, Hayashi T, Kusaoi M, et al. TLR7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3’ untranslated region and intron 2 independently contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese women: a case-control association study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13:R41. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3277.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Raafat II, El Guindy N, Shahin RMH, Samy LA, El Refai RM. Toll-like receptor 7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Z Rheumatol. 2018;77:416–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-017-0283-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Enevold C, Nielsen CH, Jacobsen RS, Hermansen MLF, Molbo D, Avlund K, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding toll-like receptors 7, 8 and 9 in Danish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Biol Rep. 2014;41:5755–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3447-4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deng Y, Zhao J, Sakurai D, Kaufman KM, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP, et al. MicroRNA-3148 modulates allelic expression of toll-like receptor 7 variant associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS Genet. 2013;9:e1003336. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003336.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

RNA receptors, TLR3 and TLR7, are potentially associated with SLE clinical features—Elloumi—2021—International Journal of Immunogenetics—Wiley Online Library n.d. https://doi.org/10.1111/iji.12531. Accessed 19 Nov 2024.

Raafat II, El Guindy N, Shahin RMH, Samy LA, El Refai RM. Toll-like receptor 7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Z Für Rheumatol. 2018;77:416–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-017-0283-7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee YH, Song GG. Associations of toll-like receptor polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2024;10:e27987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27987.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Laska MJ, Troldborg A, Hansen B, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Junker P, Nexø BA, et al. Polymorphisms within Toll-like receptors are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a cohort of Danish females. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2014;53:48–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ket316.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bashir MA, Afzal N, Hamid H, Kashif M, Niaz A, Jahan S. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms encompassing toll like receptor (TLR)-7 (rs179008) and (TLR)-9 (rs352140) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients 2021;8.

Sánchez E, Callejas-Rubio JL, Sabio JM, Gónzalez-Gay MA, Jimenez-Alonso J, Micó L, et al. Investigation of TLR5 and TLR7 as candidate genes for susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27:267–71.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tian J, Ma Y, Li J, Cen H, Wang D-G, Feng C-C, et al. The TLR7 7926A>G polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Med Rep. 2012;6:105–10. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.865.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar