Hassannejad Z, Yousefifard M, Azizi Y, Zadegan SA, Sajadi K, Sharif-Alhoseini M, et al. Axonal degeneration and demyelination following traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Chem Neuroanat. 2019;97:9–22.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kerschensteiner M, Schwab ME, Lichtman JW, Misgeld T. In vivo imaging of axonal degeneration and regeneration in the injured spinal cord. Nat Med. 2005;11:572–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rowland JW, Hawryluk GWJ, Kwon B, Fehlings MG. Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies: promise on the horizon. Neurosurg Focus. 2008;25:E2.
Allen AR. Surgery of experimental lesion of spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column. JAMA. 1911;LVII:878.
Lima R, Monteiro A, Salgado AJ, Monteiro S, Silva NA. Pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches for spinal cord injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:13833.
Rajaee A, Geisen ME, Sellers AK, Stirling DP. Repeat intravital imaging of the murine spinal cord reveals degenerative and reparative responses of spinal axons in real-time following a contusive SCI. Exp Neurol. 2020;327:113258.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ward RE, Huang W, Kostusiak M, Pallier PN, Michael-Titus AT, Priestley JV. A characterization of white matter pathology following spinal cord compression injury in the rat. Neuroscience. 2014;260:227–39.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shaw G, Madorsky I, Li Y, Wang Y, Jorgensen M, Rana S, et al. Uman-type neurofilament light antibodies are effective reagents for the imaging of neurodegeneration. Brain Commun. 2023;5:fcad067.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fehlings MG, Tator CH. The relationships among the severity of spinal cord injury, residual neurological function, axon counts, and counts of retrogradely labeled neurons after experimental spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 1995;132:220–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yuan A, Nixon RA. Neurofilament proteins as biomarkers to monitor neurological diseases and the efficacy of therapies. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:689938.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kuhle J, Barro C, Andreasson U, Derfuss T, Lindberg R, Sandelius Å, et al. Comparison of three analytical platforms for quantification of the neurofilament light chain in blood samples: ELISA, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and Simoa. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54:1655–61.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sunshine MD, Bindi VE, Nguyen BL, Doerr V, Boeno FP, Chandran V, et al. Oxygen therapy attenuates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20:303.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rana S, Thakre PP, Fuller DD. Ampakines increase diaphragm activation following mid-cervical contusion injury in rats. Exp Neurol. 2024;376:114769.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. 6th ed. Elsevier Inc, Academic Press, London, England; 2007.
Schwartz ED, Cooper ET, Chin C-L, Wehrli S, Tessler A, Hackney DB. Ex vivo evaluation of ADC values within spinal cord white matter tracts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:390–7.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Marchi V, Algeri G. Sulle degenerazioni discendenti consecutive a lesioni sperimentali in diverse zone della corteccia cerebrale. Sulle degenerazioni discendenti consecutive a lesioni sperimentali in diverse zone della corteccia cerebrale. 1886;11:492–4.
Carlsen J, De Olmos J. A modified cupric-silver technique for the impregnation of degenrating neurons and their processes. Brain Res. 1981;208:426–31.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Schmued LC, Stowers CC, Scallet AC, Xu L. Fluoro-Jade C results in ultra high resolution and contrast labeling of degenerating neurons. Brain Res. 2005;1035:24–31.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gentleman SM, Nash MJ, Sweeting CJ, Graham DI, Roberts GW. Beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) as a marker for axonal injury after head injury. Neurosci Lett. 1993;160:139–44.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Stone JR, Singleton RH, Povlishock JT. Antibodies to the C-terminus of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP): a site specific marker for the detection of traumatic axonal injury. Brain Res. 2000;871:288–302.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Strich SJ. Notes on the Marchi method for staining degenerating myelin in the peripheral and central nervous system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1968;31:110–4.
Yaghmai A, Povlishock J. Traumatically induced reactive change as visualized through the use of monoclonal antibodies targeted to neurofilament subunits. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1992;51:158–76.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fink RP, Heimer L. Two methods for selective silver impregnation of degenerating axons and their synaptic endings in the central nervous system. Brain Res. 1967;4:369–74.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
de Olmos JS, Beltramino CA, de Olmos de Lorenzo S. Use of an amino-cupric-silver technique for the detection of early and semiacute neuronal degeneration caused by neurotoxicants, hypoxia, and physical trauma. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1994;16:545–61.
Switzer RC. Application of silver degeneration stains for neurotoxicity testing. Toxicol Pathol. 2000;28:70–83.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fix AS, Ross JF, Stitzel SR, Switzer RC. Integrated evaluation of central nervous system lesions: stains for neurons, astrocytes, and microglia reveal the spatial and temporal features of MK-801-induced neuronal necrosis in the rat cerebral cortex. Toxicol Pathol. 1996;24:291–304.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Heimer L. The legacy of the silver methods and the new anatomy of the basal forebrain: implications for neuropsychiatry and drug abuse. Scand J Psychol. 2003;44:189–201.
Schmued LC, Albertson C, Slikker W. Fluoro-Jade: a novel fluorochrome for the sensitive and reliable histochemical localization of neuronal degeneration. Brain Res. 1997;751:37–46.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Anderson KJ, Fugaccia I, Scheff SW. Fluoro-jade B stains quiescent and reactive astrocytes in the rodent spinal cord. J Neurotrauma. 2003;20:1223–31.
Chaovipoch P, Jelks KAB, Gerhold LM, West EJ, Chongthammakun S, Floyd CL. 17beta-estradiol is protective in spinal cord injury in post- and pre-menopausal rats. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23:830–52.
Clarke EC, Choo AM, Liu J, Lam CK, Bilston LE, Tetzlaff W, et al. Anterior fracture-dislocation is more severe than lateral: a biomechanical and neuropathological comparison in rat thoracolumbar spine. J Neurotrauma. 2008;25:371–83.
Xiong G, Metheny H, Hood K, Jean I, Farrugia AM, Johnson BN, et al. Detection and verification of neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury in the mouse: immunohistochemical staining for amyloid precursor protein. Brain Pathol. 2023;33:e13163.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Povlishock JT, Marmarou A, McIntosh T, Trojanowski JQ, Moroi J. Impact acceleration injury in the rat: evidence for focal axolemmal change and related neurofilament sidearm alteration. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1997;56:347–59.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Stone JR, Singleton RH, Povlishock JT. Intra-axonal neurofilament compaction does not evoke local axonal swelling in all traumatically injured axons. Exp Neurol. 2001;172:320–31.
Comments (0)