Rodrigues BDS, Rodrigues FP, Buzatti K, Campanati RG, Profeta da Luz MM, Gomes da Silva R et al (2023) Feasibility study of transanal irrigation using a colostomy irrigation system in patients with low anterior resection syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 65(3):413–20

Article  Google Scholar 

Nguyen TH, Chokshi RV (2020) Low anterior resection syndrome. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-020-00785-z

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garfinkle R, Boutros M (2022) Low anterior resection syndrome: predisposing factors and treatment. Surg Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2021.101691

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang Y, Koh CE (2019) Sacral nerve stimulation for bowel dysfunction following low anterior resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 21(11):1240–1248

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kalkdijk-Dijkstra AJ, Van Der Heijden JAG, Van Westreenen HL, Broens PMA, Trzpis M, Pierie JPEN et al (2020) Pelvic floor rehabilitation to improve functional outcome and quality of life after surgery for rectal cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (FORCE trial). Trials. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-4043-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kay DI, Theiss LM, Chu DI. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of low anterior resection syndrome. Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 2021;32(4) (no pagination).

Marinello FG, Jimenez LM, Talavera E, Fraccalvieri D, Alberti P, Ostiz F et al (2021) Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in patients with severe low anterior resection syndrome: randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg 108(4):380–387

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Heijden JAG, van Heinsbergen M, Thomas G, Caers F, Slooter GD, Maaskant-Braat AJG (2019) Implementation of a postoperative screening and treatment guidance for the low anterior resection syndrome: preliminary results. Dis Colon Rectum 62(9):1033–1042

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pales CGC, An S, Cruz JP, Kim K, Kim Y (2019) Postoperative bowel function after anal sphincter-preserving rectal cancer surgery: risks factors, diagnostic modalities, and management. Annals Coloproctol 35(4):160–166

Article  Google Scholar 

Vigorita V, Rausei S, Troncoso Pereira P, Trostchansky I, Ruano Poblador A, Moncada Iribarren E et al (2017) A pilot study assessing the efficacy of posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of low anterior resection syndrome. Tech Coloproctol 21(4):287–293

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rosen H, Robert-Yap J, Tentschert G, Lechner M, Roche B (2011) Transanal irrigation improves quality of life in patients with low anterior resection syndrome. Colorectal Dis 13(10):e335–e338

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ryoo SB, Park JW, Lee DW, Lee MA, Kwon YH, Kim MJ et al (2021) Anterior resection syndrome: a randomized clinical trial of a 5-HT<inf>3</inf>receptor antagonist (ramosetron) in male patients with rectal cancer. Br J Surg 108(6):644–651

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liang Z, Ding W, Chen W, Wang Z, Du P, Cui L (2016) Therapeutic evaluation of biofeedback therapy in the treatment of anterior resection syndrome after sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 15(3):e101–e107

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keane C, Fearnhead NS, Bordeianou LG, Christensen P, Basany EE, Laurberg S et al (2020) International consensus definition of low anterior resection syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCR.0000000000001583

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

De Meyere C, Nuytens F, Parmentier I, D’Hondt M (2020) Five-year single center experience of sacral neuromodulation for isolated fecal incontinence or fecal incontinence combined with low anterior resection syndrome. Tech Coloproctol 24(9):947–958

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Emmertsen KJ, Laurberg S (2012) Low anterior resection syndrome score: development and validation of a symptom-based scoring system for bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Ann Surg 255(5):922–928

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Enomoto H, Nishizawa Y, Inamori K, Hasegawa H, Ikeda K, Tsukada Y et al (2021) Sacral neuromodulation for the prevention of a permanent stoma in patients with severe defecation disorder following intersphincteric resection. Surg Today 51(8):1379–1386

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rubio-Perez I, Saavedra J, Marijuan JL, Pascual-Miguelanez I (2020) Optimizing sacral neuromodulation for low anterior resection syndrome: learning from our experience. Colorectal Dis 22(12):2146–2154

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martellucci J (2016) Low anterior resection syndrome: a treatment algorithm. Dis Colon Rectum 59(1):79–82

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McKenna NP, Bews KA, Yost KJ, Cima RR, Habermann EB (2022) Bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection for colorectal cancer: a frequent late effect of surgery infrequently treated. J Am Coll Surg 234(4):529–537

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ram E, Meyer R, Carter D, Gutman M, Rosin D, Horesh N (2020) The efficacy of sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of low anterior resection syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol 24(8):803–815

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harji D, Fernandez B, Boissieras L, Berger A, Capdepont M, Zerbib F et al (2021) A novel bowel rehabilitation programme after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: the BOREAL pilot study. Colorectal Dis 23(10):2619–2626

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lundby L, Duelund-Jakobsen J (2011) Management of fecal incontinence after treatment for rectal cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 5(1):60–64

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Altomare DF, Picciariello A, Ferrara C, Digennaro R, Ribas Y, De Fazio M (2017) Short-term outcome of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for low anterior resection syndrome: results of a pilot study. Colorectal Dis 19(9):851–856

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bulfone G, Del Negro F, Del Medico E, Cadorin L, Bressan V, Stevanin S (2020) Rehabilitation strategies for low anterior resection syndrome. A systematic review. Ann Ist Super Sanita 56(1):38–47

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eftaiha SM, Nordenstam JF (2017) Sacral neuromodulation and the low anterior resection syndrome. Semin Colon Rectal Surg 28(4):177–180

Article  Google Scholar 

Dulskas A, Smolskas E, Kildusiene I, Samalavicius NE (2018) Treatment possibilities for low anterior resection syndrome: a review of the literature. Int J Colorectal Dis 33(3):251–260

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramage L, Qiu S, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis P, Rasheed S, Tan E (2015) A systematic review of sacral nerve stimulation for low anterior resection syndrome. Colorectal Dis 17(9):762–771

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rosen H, Hebenstreit J, Moslein G, Kneist W, Liebig-Horl G, Furst A (2017) Prophylactic transanal irrigation for low anterior resection syndrome following rectal resection: study protocol of a randomized controlled multicenter trial. Coloproctology 39(5):341–343

Article  Google Scholar 

Sakr A, Sauri F, Alessa M, Zakarnah E, Alawfi H, Torky R et al (2020) Assessment and management of low anterior resection syndrome after sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer. Chin Med J 133(15):1824–1833

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McCutchan GM, Hughes D, Davies Z, Torkington J, Morris C, Cornish JA et al (2018) Acceptability and benefit of rectal irrigation in patients with low anterior resection syndrome: a qualitative study. Colorectal Dis 20(3):O76–O84

Article  Google Scholar 

Pieniowski EHA, Bergstrom CM, Nordenvall CAM, Westberg KS, Johar AM, Tumlin Ekelund SF et al (2022) A Randomized controlled clinical trial of transanal irrigation versus conservative treatment in patients with low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer surgery. Annals surg. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000005482

Article  Google Scholar 

Eftaiha SM, Balachandran B, Marecik SJ, Mellgren A, Nordenstam J, Melich G et al (2017) Sacral nerve stimulation can be an effective treatment for low anterior resection syndrome. Colorectal Dis 19(10):927–933

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Enriquez-Navascues JM, Labaka-Arteaga I, Aguirre-Allende I, Artola-Etxeberria M, Saralegui-Ansorena Y, Elorza-Echaniz G et al (2020) A randomized trial comparing transanal irrigation and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in the management of low anterior resection syndrome. Colorectal Dis 22(3):303–309

Article  CAS