A “Noodle and Thread”: A Low-Fidelity Simulation of Blood Vessel Ligation Using Common Household Items

Aspiring surgeons develop their skills at variable rates. Techniques such as knot tying, suturing, and blood vessel ligation are essential across all surgical specialties; however, it can be challenging for students to practice surgical techniques outside of the operating room (OR), especially in resource-limited areas. As technologies develop, many resource-abundant programs are shifting towards a simulation-based approach to surgical education, which allows for unlimited practice in a low-stakes environment [1, 2]. However, as simulations become more advanced, their price tags increase concomitantly, which may limit their utility in resource-limited regions [3]. Indeed, surgical simulation systems, such as the BOSS Technical Skills Package, are currently listed at $895 (USD) as of January 2025 [4]. While effective, these tools may not be readily available for students and institutions with limited resources.

Low-cost simulation models can help address these disparities by providing affordable educational opportunities for learners regardless of geographic or socioeconomic background. It is well-recognized that low-cost simulations have the potential to provide substantial training value with the added benefit of being more easily accessible to students [5]. For instance, Walsh et al. (2016) proposed a model of auricular hematoma repair using bell peppers, cardboard, plastic wrap, and ketchup [6]. In addition, as highlighted by the recent COVID pandemic, it is becoming especially useful to have simple yet effective ways to practice surgical techniques from one’s own living space.

One of the most important basic surgical techniques is surgical knot tying, and trainees must master the ability to tie one-handed and two-handed surgical knots in a timely fashion. In addition, they must develop the skill of tying secure knots without exerting excessive upward traction, which becomes particularly important when tying knots against fragilis tissues prone to avulsion, such as bleed vessels. Currently, there are a wide variety of simulators available that provide realistic experiences and improve technique; however, many are costly and require special equipment, storage space, and access to animals and cadavers [7, 8]. Substantially lower-cost simulation systems have been shown to provide an effective training experience [9]. In 2012, Dastur published a do-it-yourself method to practice blood vessel suturing using an empty 330-ml aluminum can [10]. This model, along with many others, In this manuscript, we describe a novel method for practicing blood vessel ligation and knot tying using other common and inexpensive household items. The current model has the potential to make surgical training tools more accessible to learners both within the USA and abroad.

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