Table 1. Baseline characteristics

Values are presented as median (range) or number (%).

EUS-HGS, endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy; JSCC, Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry.

*

p<0.1.

Table 2. Procedure-related characteristics

Values are presented as number (%) or median (range).

EUS-HGS, endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy; RBO, recurrent biliary obstruction.

a)

One case of incomplete migration towards the stomach was not considered an adverse event, as the situation was remedied by the addition of a second self-expandable metal stent during the same session, with no harm to the patient.

b)

Occurred in the same patient.

*

p<0.1.

Table 3. Recurrent biliary obstruction

Values are presented as number (%).

a)

Multiple interventions performed in most cases.

*

p<0.1.

Table 4. Factors affecting overall survival

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; EUS-HGS, endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy.

Table 5. Reports of EUS-HGS with partially covered self-expandable metal stents

EUS-HGS, endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy; NA, not available; RBO, recurrent biliary obstruction.

a)

Includes studies in which EUS-HGS was performed using PCSEMS on at least 20 subjects. Studies with insufficient data or with overlapping institutions and time periods were excluded.