Research ArticleNeurosciencePublic Health Open Access | 10.1172/JCI183749

Aditya K. Singh,1 Matteo Bernabucci,1 Nolan M. Dvorak,1 Zahra Haghighijoo,1 Jessica Di Re,1 Nana A. Goode,1 Feni K. Kadakia,2 Laura A. Maile,2 Olumarotimi O. Folorunso,1 Paul A. Wadsworth,1 Cynthia M. Tapia,1 Pingyuan Wang,1 Jigong Wang,2 Haiying Chen,1 Yu Xue,1 Jully Singh,1 Kali Hankerd,3 Isaac J. Gamez,3 Makenna Kager,4 Vincent Truong,5 Patrick Walsh,5 Stephanie I. Shiers,6 Nishka Kuttanna,6 Hanyue Liao,7 Margherita Marchi,8 Erika Salvi,8 Ilaria D’Amato,8 Daniela D’Amico,1 Parsa Arman,1 Catharina G. Faber,9 Rayaz A. Malik,10,11 Marina de Tommaso,12 Dan Ziegler,13 Krishna Rajarathnam,14 Thomas A. Green,1 Peter M. Grace,15 Matthew R. Sapio,16 Michael J. Iadarola,16 Gregory D. Cuny,7 Diana S. Chow,7 Giuseppe Lauria Pinter,17,18 Steve Davidson,2 Dustin P. Green,3 Jun-Ho La,3 Jin Mo Chung,3 Jia Zhou,1 Theodore J. Price,6 Elizabeth Salisbury,4 Subo Yuan,3 and Fernanda Laezza1,14,19

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Singh, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Bernabucci, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Dvorak, N. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Haghighijoo, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Di Re, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Goode, N. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Kadakia, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Maile, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Folorunso, O. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wadsworth, P. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Tapia, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wang, P. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wang, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Chen, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Xue, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.

9Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.

10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR/WellcomeTrust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.

11Research Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

12Neurophysiopathology Unit, DiBrain Department, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.

13Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

15Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

16NIH, Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

17Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy.

18Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

19Sealy Center for Environmental Health & Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Address correspondence to: Fernanda Laezza, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. Phone: 409.772.9672; Email: felaezza@utmb.edu.

Authorship note: AKS and MB contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Singh, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

3Department of Neurobiology and

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

5Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

6Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

7College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

8Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan