O’Neill TW, McCabe PS, McBeth J. Update on the epidemiology, risk factors and disease outcomes of osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2018;32:312–26.
Sanchez-Lopez E, Coras R, Torres A, Lane NE, Guma M. Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022;18:258–75.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xia B, Di C, Zhang J, Hu S, Jin H, Tong P. Osteoarthritis pathogenesis: a review of molecular mechanisms. Calcif Tissue Int. 2014;95:495–505.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Tao J, Deng H, Li Z, Cao L, Rao Y, Yin Z. Macrophage-targeted, ROS-removing and H2S-releasing nanomicelle encapsulated in hydrogel microspheres for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Chem Eng J. 2025;507: 160345.
Im GI. Tissue engineering in osteoarthritis: current status and prospect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy. BioDrugs. 2018;32:183–92.
Chen X, Wang L, Zhang J, Yan H, Wang S, Xiao J. Controlled release of ceria and ferric oxide nanoparticles via collagen hydrogel for enhanced osteoarthritis therapy. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024;13: e2401507.
Lv Z, Wang P, Li W, Xie Y, Sun W, Jin X, et al. Bifunctional TRPV1 targeted magnetothermal switch to attenuate osteoarthritis progression. Research (Wash D C). 2024;2024(7):0316.
Rim YA, Nam Y, Ju JH. The role of chondrocyte hypertrophy and senescence in osteoarthritis initiation and progression. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(7):2358.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Chen L, Yang J, Cai Z, Huang Y, Xiao P, Chen H, et al. Mitochondrial-oriented injectable hydrogel microspheres maintain homeostasis of chondrocyte metabolism to promote subcellular therapy in osteoarthritis. Research (Wash D C). 2024;7:0306.
Katz JN, Arant KR, Loeser RF. Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a review. JAMA. 2021;325:568–78.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Cai J, Liu LF, Qin Z, Liu S, Wang Y, Chen Z, et al. Natural morin-based metal organic framework nanoenzymes modulate articular cavity microenvironment to alleviate osteoarthritis. Research (Wash D C). 2023;6:0068.
Xu B, Ye J, Yuan FZ, Zhang JY, Chen YR, Fan BS, et al. Advances of stem cell-laden hydrogels with biomimetic microenvironment for osteochondral repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:247.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Yang Z, Li H, Yuan Z, Fu L, Jiang S, Gao C, et al. Endogenous cell recruitment strategy for articular cartilage regeneration. Acta Biomater. 2020;114:31–52.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Burdick JA, Mauck RL, Gorman JH 3rd, Gorman RC. Acellular biomaterials: an evolving alternative to cell-based therapies. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5:176ps4.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Im GI. Endogenous cartilage repair by recruitment of stem cells. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2016;22:160–71.
Chahal J, Gómez-Aristizábal A, Shestopaloff K, Bhatt S, Chaboureau A, Fazio A, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in patients with osteoarthritis results in overall improvement in pain and symptoms and reduces synovial inflammation. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019;8:746–57.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Copp G, Robb KP, Viswanathan S. Culture-expanded mesenchymal stromal cell therapy: does it work in knee osteoarthritis? A pathway to clinical success. Cell Mol Immunol. 2023;20:626–50.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Gupta PK, Maheshwari S, Cherian JJ, Goni V, Sharma AK, Tripathy SK, et al. Efficacy and safety of stempeucel in osteoarthritis of the knee: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study. Am J Sports Med. 2023;51:2254–66.
Lee WS, Kim HJ, Kim KI, Kim GB, Jin W. Intra-articular injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019;8:504–11.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Tan D, Huang Z, Zhao Z, Chen X, Liu J, Wang D, et al. Single-cell sequencing, genetics, and epigenetics reveal mesenchymal stem cell senescence in osteoarthritis (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2024;53:2.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Lagneau N, Tournier P, Nativel F, Maugars Y, Guicheux J, Le Visage C, et al. Harnessing cell-material interactions to control stem cell secretion for osteoarthritis treatment. Biomaterials. 2023;96: 122091.
Zheng W, Li H, Hu K, Li L, Bei M. Chondromalacia patellae: current options and emerging cell therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12:412.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yu H, Huang Y, Yang L. Research progress in the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;80: 101684.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
An X, Wang J, Xu K, Zhao RC, Su J. Perspectives on osteoarthritis treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae. Aging Dis. 2024;15:1029–45.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rizzo MG, Best TM, Huard J, Philippon M, Hornicek F, Duan Z, et al. Therapeutic perspectives for inflammation and senescence in osteoarthritis using mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and senolytic agents. Cells. 2023;12:1421.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Sharun K, Muthu S, Mankuzhy PD, Pawde AM, Chandra V, Lorenzo JM, et al. Cell-free therapy for canine osteoarthritis: current evidence and prospects. Vet Q. 2022;42:224–30.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bertolino GM, Maumus M, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Therapeutic potential in rheumatic diseases of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2023;19:682–94.
Liu S, Cheng S, Chen B, Xiao P, Zhan J, Liu J, et al. Microvesicles-hydrogel breaks the cycle of cellular senescence by improving mitochondrial function to treat osteoarthritis. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21:429.
Yin B, Ni J, Witherel CE, Yang M, Burdick JA, Wen C, et al. Harnessing tissue-derived extracellular vesicles for osteoarthritis theranostics. Theranostics. 2022;12:207–31.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Yakufu M, Jia Q, Li C, Ma C, Zhang P, Abudushalamu M, et al. Injectable biomimetic hybrid nanofibers for targeting cartilage in early osteoarthritis treatment. Chem Eng J. 2024;2024(490): 151790.
Deng Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Wu C, et al. A novel apoferritin nanocage with ECM promoting, ferroptosis suppressing and inflammation targeting property for osteoarthritis therapy. Chem Eng J. 2024;493: 152398.
Xu Y, Gu X, Li X, Chen Y, Wei Z, Wang J, et al. β-Diketone functionalized microspheres chelate reactive iron via metal coordination for cartilage repair. Adv Healthc Mater. 2025:e2403933
You B, Zhou C, Yang Y. MSC-EVs alleviate osteoarthritis by regulating microenvironmental cells in the articular cavity and maintaining cartilage matrix homeostasis. Ageing Res Rev. 2023;85: 101864.
Comments (0)