Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by the massive utilization of fossil fuels continue to rise, exacerbating the greenhouse effect. Membrane-based CO2 separation processes are a promising technology for carbon reduction. Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes showed great potential in the field of gas separation due to their high porosity, tunable pore size, and chemical stability. Utilizing the advantages of COFs to prepare gas separation membranes has become a current research hotspot. This review analyzes and summarizes the great advances and challenges in gas separation of CO2 capture technologies based with COF-based membranes, and proposes the necessity of CO2 capture and related separation mechanisms. Furthermore, the optimizing strategies for the construction of high-performance COF membrane in CO2 separation were systematically summarized in terms of defect engineering, ionic liquids (ILs) modification, post-modification, pore structure modulation, and inter-material synergy. And the specific applications of COF membranes in CO2 separation are briefly introduced. Finally, we give our personal insights into the challenges and opportunities for the future research of COF membrane on the CO2 separation.

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