The Alzheimer’s Association. 2022 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18:700–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12638.

Force USPST, Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, Barry MJ, Cabana M, et al. Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2020;323:757–63. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0435.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang T, Han X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Mi Y, Gou X. Dietary fatty acid factors in Alzheimer’s disease: A review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;78:887–904. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200558.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hodson L, Skeaff CM, Fielding BA. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and blood in humans and its use as a biomarker of dietary intake. Prog Lipid Res. 2008;47:348–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2008.03.003.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pfeuffer M, Jaudszus A. Pentadecanoic and Heptadecanoic acids: multifaceted odd-chain fatty acids. Adv Nutr. 2016;7:730–4. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.011387.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jenkins B, West JA, Koulman A. A review of odd-chain fatty acid metabolism and the role of pentadecanoic Acid (c15:0) and heptadecanoic Acid (c17:0) in health and disease. Molecules. 2015;20:2425–44. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20022425.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shen J, Li J, Hua Y, Ding B, Zhou C, Yu H et al. Association between the Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile and cognitive function in the overweight and obese population aged from 45 to 75 years old. Nutrients. 2022;14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040914.

Heude B, Ducimetiere P, Berr C. Cognitive decline and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes - The EVA Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:803–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.4.803.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hosseini M, Poljak A, Braidy N, Crawford J, Sachdev P. Blood fatty acids in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2020;60:101043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101043.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duan Q, Fan R, Lei RQ, Ma WW, Ding BJ. Plasma fatty acid profile is related to cognitive function in obese Chinese populations (35–64 years): A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr. 2020;8:4773–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1738.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Iuliano L, Pacelli A, Ciacciarelli M, Zerbinati C, Fagioli S, Piras F, et al. Plasma fatty acid lipidomics in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;36:545–53. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-122224.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gonzalez-Dominguez R, Castellano-Escuder P, Lefevre-Arbogast S, Low DY, Du Preez A, Ruigrok SR, et al. Apolipoprotein E and sex modulate fatty acid metabolism in a prospective observational study of cognitive decline. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022;14:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-021-00948-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yan Y, Li B, Li F, Zhou X, Li T, Li Y, et al. The relationship between mushroom consumption and cognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study. Food Funct. 2023;14:7663–71. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fo01101a.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang S, Zhou J, Liu C, Wang S, Cong Y, Chen L, et al. Association of plant-based diet index with sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults: The Healthy Dance Study. Sleep Health. 2023;9:698–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2023.04.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fu Y, Li X, Wang T, Yan S, Zhang X, Hu G, et al. The prevalence and agreement of sarcopenic obesity using different definitions and its association with mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;94:137–46. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-221232.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arbuthnott K, Frank J. Trail making test, Part B as a measure of executive control: validation using a set-switching paradigm. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2010;22:518–28. https://doi.org/10.1076/1380-3395(200008)22:4;1-0;ft518.

Article  Google Scholar 

Qihao GUO, Yimin SUN, Peimin YU, Zhen H, Chuanzhen LV. Norm of auditory verbal learning test in the normal aged in China community. Chin J Clin Psychol. 2007;15:132.

Google Scholar 

Jaeger J. Digit symbol substitution test: the case for sensitivity over specificity in neuropsychological testing. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2018;38:513–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000941.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Law LL, Barnett F, Yau MK, Gray MA. Development and initial testing of functional task exercise on older adults with cognitive impairment at risk of Alzheimer’s disease—FcTSim programme—a feasibility study. Occup Ther Int. 2013;20:185–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.1355.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morris JC. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology. 1993;43:2412–4. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.43.11.2412-a.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:270–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang M, Li Y, Cong L, Hou T, Luo Y, Shi L, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and brain aging amongst rural-dwelling older adults: a population-based magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28:2882–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14939.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Wang J, Sun T, Wang L, Li T, Li H, et al. Decision-making profiles and their associations with cognitive performance in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2022;87:1215–27. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-215440.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bannon CD, Craske JD, Felder DL, Garland IJ, Norman LM. Analysis of fatty-acid methyl-esters with high-accuracy and reliability .6. rapid analysis by split injection capillary gas-liquid-chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1987;407:231–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)92621-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ngai SP, Cheung RT, Lam PL, Chiu JK, Fung EY. Validation and reliability of the physical activity scale for the elderly in Chinese population. J Rehabil Med. 2012;44:462–5. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0953.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28:193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teng GG, Pan A, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Food sources of protein and risk of incident gout in the Singapore Chinese health study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:1933–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.39115.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scarmeas N, Anastasiou CA, Yannakoulia M. Nutrition and prevention of cognitive impairment. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:1006–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30338-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lamport DJ, Saunders C, Butler LT, Spencer JP. Fruits, vegetables, 100% juices, and cognitive function. Nutr Rev. 2014;72:774–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12149.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaur R, Sood A, Lang DK, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, et al. Potential of flavonoids as anti-Alzheimer’s agents: bench to bedside. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022;29:26063–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18165-z.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yu X, Wei F, Chen C, Zhang K, et al. Association of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia on incident hyperuricemia: an 8-year prospective cohort study. J Transl Med. 2020;18.