de Schepper A. “Nutcracker”-fenomeen van de vena renalis en veneuze pathologie van de linker nier ["Nutcracker" phenomenon of the renal vein and venous pathology of the left kidney]. J Belge Radiol. 1972;55(5):507–11.
Lau JLT, Lo R, Chan FL, Wong KK. The posterior “nutcracker”: hematuria secondary to retroaortic left renal vein. Urology. 1986;28(5):437–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(86)90085-3.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Grimm LJ, Engstrom BI, Nelson RC, Kim CY. Incidental detection of nutcracker phenomenon on multidetector CT in an asymptomatic population: prevalence and associated findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2013;37(3):415–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0B013E3182873235.
Yoon T, Kim SH, Kang E, Kim S. Nutcracker phenomenon and syndrome may be more prevalent than previously thought. Korean J Radiol. 2022;23(11):1112–4. https://doi.org/10.3348/KJR.2022.0617.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ananthan K, Onida S, Davies AH. Nutcracker syndrome: an update on current diagnostic criteria and management guidelines. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2017;53(6):886–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJVS.2017.02.015.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kolber MK, Cui Z, Chen CK, Habibollahi P, Kalva SP. Nutcracker syndrome: diagnosis and therapy. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2021;11(5):1140. https://doi.org/10.21037/CDT-20-160.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shin JI, Lee JS, Kim MJ. The prevalence, physical characteristics and diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2006;32(3):335–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJVS.2006.04.030.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Meissner MH, Khilnani NM, Labropoulos N, et al. The symptoms-varices-pathophysiology classification of pelvic venous disorders: a report of the american vein & lymphatic society international working group on pelvic venous disorders. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2021;9(3):568–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVSV.2020.12.084.
Ribeiro FS, Puech-Leão P, Zerati AE, Nahas WC, David-Neto E, De Luccia N. Prevalence of left renal vein compression (nutcracker phenomenon) signs on computed tomography angiography of healthy individuals. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020;8(6):1058–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.04.005.
Takebayashi S, Ueki T, Ikeda N, Fujikawa A. Diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome with color Doppler sonography: correlation with flow patterns on retrograde left renal venography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;172(1):39–43. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.172.1.9888735.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fitoz S, Ekim M, Ozcakar ZB, Elhan AH, Yalcinkaya F. Nutcracker syndrome in children: the role of upright position examination and superior mesenteric artery angle measurement in the diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med. 2007;26(5):573–80. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2007.26.5.573.
Kim SH, Cho SW, Kim HD, Chung JW, Park JH, Han MC. Nutcracker syndrome: diagnosis with Doppler US. Radiology. 1996;198(1):93–7. https://doi.org/10.1148/RADIOLOGY.198.1.8539413.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Atasoy D, Cansu A, Bekirçavuşoğlu AF, Bahat Özdoğan E, Ahmetoğlu A. The utility of magnetic resonance angiography in children with nutcracker syndrome. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51(5):2396–402. https://doi.org/10.3906/SAG-2101-14.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lamba R, Tanner DT, Sekhon S, McGahan JP, Corwin MT, Lall CG. Multidetector CT of vascular compression syndromes in the abdomen and pelvis. Radiographics. 2014;34(1):93–115. https://doi.org/10.1148/RG.341125010.
Kim KW, Cho JY, Kim SH, et al. Diagnostic value of computed tomographic findings of nutcracker syndrome: correlation with renal venography and renocaval pressure gradients. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80(3):648–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJRAD.2010.08.044.
Cuéllar I, Calàbria H, Quiroga Gómez S, Sebastià Cerqueda C, Boyé de la Presa R, Miranda A, Àlvarez-Castells A. Nutcracker or left renal vein compression phenomenon: multidetector computed tomography findings and clinical significance. Eur Radiol. 2005;15(8):1745–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00330-005-2688-Y.
Fong JKK, Poh ACC, Tan AGS, Taneja R. Imaging findings and clinical features of abdominal vascular compression syndromes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;203(1):29–36. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.13.11598.
Nastasi DR, Fraser AR, Williams AB, Bhamidi V. A systematic review on nutcracker syndrome and proposed diagnostic algorithm. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2022;10(6):1410–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVSV.2022.08.003.
Lamarca Mendoza MP, Herrero ÁF, Feria BM, et al. A single center experience using ivus as an adjunct in nutcracker syndrome. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019;58(6):e464–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.06.1130.
Kolber MK, Cui Z, Chen CK, Habibollahi P, Kalva SP. Nutcracker syndrome: diagnosis and therapy. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2021;11(5):1172–6. https://doi.org/10.21037/CDT-20-160.
Wang L, Yi L, Yang L, et al. Diagnosis and surgical treatment of nutcracker syndrome: a single-center experience. Urology. 2009;73(4):871–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.UROLOGY.2008.11.043.
Saito Y, Kobayashi Y, Fujii K, et al. Clinical expert consensus document on intravascular ultrasound from the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics (2021). Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2022;37(1):40–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12928-021-00824-0/FIGURES/5.
Ricci S, Moro L, Minotti GC, Incalzi RA, De Maeseneer M. Valsalva maneuver in phlebologic practice. Phlebology. 2018;33(2):75–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268355516678513.
Laborda A, Sierre S, Malvè M, et al. Influence of breathing movements and Valsalva maneuver on vena caval dynamics. World J Radiol. 2014;6(10):833. https://doi.org/10.4329/WJR.V6.I10.833.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kim WS, Cheon JE, Kim IO, et al. Hemodynamic investigation of the left renal vein in pediatric varicocele: Doppler US, venography, and pressure measurements. Radiology. 2006;241(1):228–34. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2411050271.
Ruiz M, Hevia V, Fabuel JJ, Fernández AA, Gómez V, Burgos FJ. Kidney autotransplantation: long-term outcomes and complications. Experience in a tertiary hospital and literature review. Int Urol Nephrol. 2017;49(11):1929–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11255-017-1680-1.
Campsen J, Thorman A, Baker N, Hamilton B. Autotransplantation as a feasible intervention for combined nutcracker syndrome and Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome. Urol Case Rep. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EUCR.2021.101791.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vince HB, Tomson CR, Loveday EJ, Lear PA, Eastwood JB. Nutcracker phenomenon presenting as loin pain haematuria syndrome. NDT Plus. 2011;4(6):418–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/NDTPLUS/SFR152.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hartung O, Grisoli D, Boufi M, et al. Endovascular stenting in the treatment of pelvic vein congestion caused by nutcracker syndrome: lessons learned from the first five cases. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(2):275–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.03.052.
Xie Y, Wang H, Wang Y. Pelvic congestion syndrome secondary to nutcracker and May-Thurner syndromes: a case report. Asian J Surg Published online. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASJSUR.2023.03.042.
Comments (0)