Bilchick KC, Fetics B, Djoukeng R, Fisher SG, Fletcher RD, Singh SN, Nevo E, Berger RD (2002) Prognostic value of heart rate variability in chronic congestive heart failure (Veterans affairs’ survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy in congestive heart failure). Am J Cardiol 90:24–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02380-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thayer JF, Yamamoto SS, Brosschot JF (2010) The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Int J Cardiol 141:122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.543

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vergales BD, Zanelli SA, Matsumoto JA, Goodkin HP, Lake DE, Moorman JR, Fairchild KD (2014) Depressed heart rate variability is associated with abnormal EEG, MRI, and death in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Am J Perinatol 31:855–862. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1361937

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mulkey SB, Govindan R, Metzler M, Swisher CB, Hitchings L, Wang Y, Baker R, Larry Maxwell G, Krishnan A, du Plessis AJ (2020) Heart rate variability is depressed in the early transitional period for newborns with complex congenital heart disease. Clin Auton Res 30:165–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-019-00616-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Polson JW, McCallion N, Waki H, Thorne G, Tooley MA, Paton JF, Wolf AR (2006) Evidence for cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in neonates with coarctation of the aorta. Circulation 113:2844–2850. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.602748

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harrison TM, Brown RL (2012) Autonomic nervous system function in infants with transposition of the great arteries. Biol Res Nurs 14:257–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800411407687

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaltman JR, Hanna BD, Gallagher PR, Gaynor JW, Godinez RI, Tanel RE, Shah MJ, Vetter VL, Rhodes LA (2006) Heart rate variability following neonatal heart surgery for complex congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29:471–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2006.00378.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rusin CG, Acosta SI, Vu EL, Ahmed M, Brady KM, Penny DJ (2021) Automated prediction of cardiorespiratory deterioration in patients with single ventricle. J Am Coll Cardiol 77:3184–3192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.072

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Budczies J, Klauschen F, Sinn BV, Győrffy B, Schmitt WD, Darb-Esfahani S, Denkert C (2012) Cutoff finder: a comprehensive and straightforward web application enabling rapid biomarker cutoff optimization. PLoS ONE 7:e51862. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051862

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peters AE, Wu A, Chiswell K, Hofmann P, Nkulikiyinka R, Dinh W, Piccini JP, Mentz RJ, Fudim M (2023) Continuous monitoring of heart rate variability and clinical outcomes in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Curr Probl Cardiol 48:101520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101520

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adamson PB, Smith AL, Abraham WT, Kleckner KJ, Stadler RW, Shih A, Rhodes MM, InSync IIIM, Attain OTWLMCTI (2004) Continuous autonomic assessment in patients with symptomatic heart failure: prognostic value of heart rate variability measured by an implanted cardiac resynchronization device. Circulation 110:2389–2394. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000139841.42454.78

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fauchier L, Babuty D, Cosnay P, Fauchier JP (1999) Prognostic value of heart rate variability for sudden death and major arrhythmic events in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:1203–1207. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00021-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biswas S, Malik AH, Bandyopadhyay D, Gupta R, Goel A, Briasoulis A, Fonarow GC, Lanier GM, Naidu SS (2022) Meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of dobutamine versus milrinone in acute decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Curr Probl Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101245

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown S, Nolan O, Poole E, Kidd J, Cassidy J, Botha P, Chaudhari M (2023) Long-term milrinone therapy in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Acta Paediatr: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16738

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tiwari R, Kumar R, Malik S, Raj T, Kumar P (2021) Analysis of heart rate variability and implication of different factors on heart rate variability. Curr Cardiol Rev 17:e160721189770. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X16999201231203854

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fatisson J, Oswald V, Lalonde F (2016) Influence diagram of physiological and environmental factors affecting heart rate variability: an extended literature overview. Heart Int 11:e32–e40. https://doi.org/10.5301/heartint.5000232

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liao D, Cai J, Barnes RW, Tyroler HA, Rautaharju P, Holme I, Heiss G (1996) Association of cardiac autonomic function and the development of hypertension: the ARIC study. Am J Hypertens 9:1147–1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(96)00249-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malik M, Camm AJ, Janse MJ, Julian DG, Frangin GA, Schwartz PJ (2000) Depressed heart rate variability identifies postinfarction patients who might benefit from prophylactic treatment with amiodarone: a substudy of EMIAT (The European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial). J Am Coll Cardiol 35:1263–1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00571-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Odemuyiwa O, Malik M, Farrell T, Bashir Y, Poloniecki J, Camm J (1991) Comparison of the predictive characteristics of heart rate variability index and left ventricular ejection fraction for all-cause mortality, arrhythmic events and sudden death after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 68:434–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(91)90774-f

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shanks J, Abukar Y, Lever NA, Pachen M, LeGrice IJ, Crossman DJ, Nogaret A, Paton JFR, Ramchandra R (2022) Reverse re-modelling chronic heart failure by reinstating heart rate variability. Basic Res Cardiol 117:4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-022-00911-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koenig J, Thayer JF (2016) Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 64:288–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar