Karmpaliotis D, Lembo N, Kalynych A, Carlson H, Lombardi WL, Anderson CN, Rinehart S, Kirkland B, Shemwell KC, Kandzari DE (2013) Development of a high-volume, multiple-operator program for percutaneous chronic total coronary occlusion revascularization: procedural, clinical, and cost-utilization outcomes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 82(1):1–8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kalra S, Doshi D, Sapontis J, Kosmidou I, Kirtane AJ, Moses JW, Riley RF, Jones P, Nicholson WJ, Salisbury AC, Lombardi WL, McCabe JM, Pershad A, Hirai T, Hakemi E, Russo JJ, Prasad M, Ahmad Y, Hatem R, Gkargkoulas F, Spertus JA, Wyman RM, Jaffer F, Spaedy A, Cook S, Marso SP, Nugent K, Federici R, Yeh RW, Leon MB, Stone GW, Ali ZA, Parikh MA, Maehara A, Cohen DJ, Batres C, Grantham JA, Karmpaliotis D (2021) Outcomes of retrograde chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the OPEN-CTO registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 97(6):1162–1173

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Megaly M, Ali A, Saad M, Omer M, Xenogiannis I, Werner GS, Karmpaliotis D, Russo JJ, Yamane M, Garbo R, Gagnor A, Ungi I, Rinfret S, Pershad A, Wojcik J, Garcia S, Mashayekhi K, Sianos G, Galassi AR, Burke MN, Brilakis ES (2020) Outcomes with retrograde versus antegrade chronic total occlusion revascularization. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 96(5):1037–1043

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Emond M, Mock MB, Davis KB, Fisher LD, Holmes DR Jr, Chaitman BR, Kaiser GC, Alderman E, Killip T 3rd (1994) Long-term survival of medically treated patients in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) registry. Circulation 90(6):2645–2657

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tajstra M, Pyka Ł, Gorol J, Pres D, Gierlotka M, Gadula-Gacek E, Kurek A, Wasiak M, Hawranek M, Zembala MO, Lekston A, Poloński L, Bryniarski L, Gąsior M (2016) Impact of chronic total occlusion of the coronary artery on long-term prognosis in patients with ischemic systolic heart failure: insights from the COMMIT-HF registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 9(17):1790–1797

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galassi AR, Boukhris M, Toma A, Elhadj Z, Laroussi L, Gaemperli O, Behnes M, Akin I, Lüscher TF, Neumann FJ, Mashayekhi K (2017) Percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 10(21):2158–2170

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Karacsonyi J, Alaswad K, Karmpaliotis D, Masoumi A, Jaffer FA, Doshi D, Khatri J, Poommipanit P, Gorgulu S, Goktekin O, Krestyaninov O, Davies R, ElGuindy A, Jefferson BK, Patel TN, Patel M, Chandwaney RH, Mashayekhi K, Galassi AR, Rangan BV, Brilakis ES (2022) Outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 99(4):1059–1064

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kobayashi N, Ito Y, Kishi K, Muramatsu T, Okada H, Oikawa Y, Kawasaki T, Yoshikawa R, Tanaka H, Katoh O (2022) Procedural results and in-hospital outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: Sub-analysis of the Japanese CTO-PCI Expert Registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 100(1):30–39

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel MR, Calhoon JH, Dehmer GJ, Grantham JA, Maddox TM, Maron DJ, Smith PK (2017) ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS 2017 appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American college of cardiology appropriate use criteria task force, American association for thoracic surgery, american heart association, american society of echocardiography, American society of nuclear cardiology, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society of cardiovascular computed tomography, and society of thoracic surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 69(17):2212–2241

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Di Mario C, Werner GS, Sianos G, Galassi AR, Büttner J, Dudek D, Chevalier B, Lefevre T, Schofer J, Koolen J, Sievert H, Reimers B, Fajadet J, Colombo A, Gershlick A, Serruys PW, Reifart N (2007) European perspective in the recanalisation of Chronic Total Occlusions (CTO): consensus document from the EuroCTO Club. EuroIntervention 3(1):30–43

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morino Y, Abe M, Morimoto T, Kimura T, Hayashi Y, Muramatsu T, Ochiai M, Noguchi Y, Kato K, Shibata Y, Hiasa Y, Doi O, Yamashita T, Hinohara T, Tanaka H, Mitsudo K, J-CTO Registry Investigators (2011) Predicting successful guidewire crossing through chronic total occlusion of native coronary lesions within 30 minutes: the J-CTO (Multicenter CTO Registry in Japan) score as a difficulty grading and time assessment tool. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 4(2):213–221

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Werner GS, Ferrari M, Heinke S, Kuethe F, Surber R, Richartz BM, Figulla HR (2003) Angiographic assessment of collateral connections in comparison with invasively determined collateral function in chronic coronary occlusions. Circulation 107(15):1972–1977

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang YJ, Ma WR, Xu B, Huang ZH, Zhang XY, Iqbal J, Dou KF, Bourantas CV, Werner GS, Zhang B (2023) Retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusion via discontinuous septal channels. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 102(1):64–70

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moussa ID, Klein LW, Shah B, Mehran R, Mack MJ, Brilakis ES, Reilly JP, Zoghbi G, Holper E, Stone GW (2013) Consideration of a new definition of clinically relevant myocardial infarction after coronary revascularization: an expert consensus document from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI). J Am Coll Cardiol 62(17):1563–1570

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, de Maria A, Devereux R, Feigenbaum H, Gutgesell H, Reichek N, Sahn D, Schnittger I (1989) Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American society of echocardiography committee on standards, subcommittee on quantitation of two-dimensional echocardiograms. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2(5):358–367

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Goldstein SA, Kuznetsova T, Lancellotti P, Muraru D, Picard MH, Rietzschel ER, Rudski L, Spencer KT, Tsang W, Voigt JU (2015) Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28(1):1-39.e14

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kolh P, Windecker S, Alfonso F, Collet JP, Cremer J, Falk V, Filippatos G, Hamm C, Head SJ, Jüni P, Kappetein AP, Kastrati A, Knuuti J, Landmesser U, Laufer G, Neumann FJ, Richter DJ, Schauerte P, Sousa Uva M, Stefanini GG, Taggart DP, Torracca L, Valgimigli M, Wijns W, Witkowski A, Zamorano JL, Achenbach S, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Deaton C, Erol Ç, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Wijns W, Windecker S, Sousa Uva M, Achenbach S, Pepper J, Anyanwu A, Badimon L, Bauersachs J, Baumbach A, Beygui F, Bonaros N, De Carlo M, Deaton C, Dobrev D, Dunning J, Eeckhout E, Gielen S, Hasdai D, Kirchhof P, Luckraz H, Mahrholdt H, Montalescot G, Paparella D, Rastan AJ, Sanmartin M, Sergeant P, Silber S, Tamargo J, ten Berg J, Thiele H, van Geuns RJ, Wagner HO, Wassmann S, Wendler O, Zamorano JL, European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines; EACTS Clinical Guidelines Committee; Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery; European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (2014) 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the task force on myocardial revascularization of the European society of cardiology (ESC) and the European association for cardio-thoracic surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the European association of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions (EAPCI). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 46(4):517–592

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel MR, Dehmer GJ, Hirshfeld JW, Smith PK, Spertus JA (2012) ACCF/SCAI/STS/AATS/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/SCCT 2012 appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization focused update: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation appropriate use criteria task force, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society of thoracic surgeons, American association for thoracic surgery, American heart association, american society of nuclear cardiology, and the society of cardiovascular computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(9):857–881

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Toma A, Stähli BE, Gick M, Gebhard C, Kaufmann BA, Mashayekhi K, Ferenc M, Buettner HJ, Neumann FJ (2017) Comparison of benefit of successful percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion in patients with versus without reduced (≤40%) left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol 120(10):1780–1786

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abouzaki NA, Exaire JE, Guzmán LA (2018) Role of percutaneous chronic total occlusion interventions in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Curr Cardiol Rep 20(11):124

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Cao F, Chen Y (2017) Long-term clinical outcomes of successful revascularization with drug-eluting stents for chronic total occlusions: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 89:574–581

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mashayekhi K, Nührenberg TG, Toma A, Gick M, Ferenc M, Hochholzer W, Comberg T, Rothe J, Valina CM, Löffelhardt N, Ayoub M, Zhao M, Bremicker J, Jander N, Minners J, Ruile P, Behnes M, Akin I, Schäufele T, Neumann FJ, Büttner HJ (2018) A randomized trial to assess regional left ventricular function after stent implantation in chronic total occlusion: the REVASC trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 11(19):1982–1991

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Werner GS, Martin-Yuste V, Hildick-Smith D, Boudou N, Sianos G, Gelev V, Rumoroso JR, Erglis A, Christiansen EH, Escaned J, di Mario C, Hovasse T, Teruel L, Bufe A, Lauer B, Bogaerts K, Goicolea J, Spratt JC, Gershlick AH, Galassi AR, Louvard Y, EUROCTO trial investigators (2018) A randomized multicentre trial to compare revascularization with optimal medical therapy for the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. Eur Heart J 39(26):2484–2493

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee SW, Lee PH, Ahn JM, Park DW, Yun SC, Han S, Kang H, Kang SJ, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Hur SH, Rha SW, Her SH, Choi SW, Lee BK, Lee NH, Lee JY, Cheong SS, Kim MH, Ahn YK, Lim SW, Lee SG, Hiremath S, Santoso T, Udayachalerm W, Cheng JJ, Cohen DJ, Muramatsu T, Tsuchikane E, Asakura Y, Park SJ (2019) Randomized trial evaluating percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of chronic total occlusion. Circulation 139(14):1674–1683

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Henriques JP, Hoebers LP, Råmunddal T, Laanmets P, Eriksen E, Bax M, Ioanes D, Suttorp MJ, Strauss BH, Barbato E, Nijveldt R, van Rossum AC, Marques KM, Elias J, van Dongen IM, Claessen BE, Tijssen JG, van der Schaaf RJ, Trial Investigators EXPLORE (2016) Percutaneous Intervention for concurrent chronic total occlusions in patients with STEMI: the EXPLORE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 68(15):1622–1632

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar