Singh JP, Thakur SN, editors. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Elsevier; 2020.

Google Scholar 

Rehse SJ, Salimnia H, Miziolek AW. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): an overview of recent progress and future potential for biomedical applications. J Med Eng Technol. 2012;36(2):77–89. https://doi.org/10.3109/03091902.2011.645946.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yildirim S. Dental pulp stem cells. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 41–51.

Google Scholar 

Niemz MH. Laser-tissue interactions, vol. 322. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2007.

Book  Google Scholar 

LeGeros RZ, Ito A, Ishikawa K, Sakae T, LeGeros JP. Fundamentals of hydroxyapatite and related calcium phosphates. Adv Biomater Fundam Process Appl. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470891315.ch2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tawfik W, Saafan A. Quantitative analysis of mercury in silver dental amalgam alloy using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with a portable Echelle spectrometer. Int J Pure Appl Phys. 2006;3:195–203.

Google Scholar 

Stamoulis KC, Assimakopoulos PA, Ioannides KG, Johnson E, Soucacos PN. Strontium-90 concentration measurements in human bones and teeth in Greece. Sci Total Environ. 1999;229(3):165–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00052-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vuorinen HS, Pihlman S, Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Tapper U, Varrela T. Trace and heavy metal analyses of a skeletal population representing the town people in Turku (Åbo), Finland in the 16th–17th centuries: with special reference to gender, age and social background. Sci Total Environ. 1996;177(1–3):145–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04892-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singh VK, Kumar V, Sharma J. Importance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for hard tissues (bone, teeth) and other calcified tissue materials. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30:1763–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-014-1549-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Osorio R, Toledano M. Biomaterials for catalysed mineralization of dental hard tissues. In: Biomineralization and biomaterials. Woodhead Publishing; 2016. p. 365–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-338-6.00013-2.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Jones JR. Reprint of: review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids. Acta Biomater. 2015;23:S53–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaur T, Syversen P. The toxicology of mercury and its compounds. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2012;26:215–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.02.004.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harris HH, Vogt S, Eastgate H, Legnini DG, Hornberger B, Cai Z, Lai B, Lay P. Migration of mercury from dental amalgam through human teeth. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2008;15:123–8. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049507061468.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kingman A, Albertini T, Brown LJ. Mercury concentrations in urine and whole blood associated with amalgam exposure in a US military population. J Dent Res. 1998;77:461–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345980770030501.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sallsten G, Thoren J, Barregard L, Schutz A, Skarping G. Long-term use of nicotine chewing gum and mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings. J Dent Res. 1996;75:594–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345960750011301.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoffmann E, Stephanowitz H, Ullrich E, Skole J, Ludke C, Hoffmann B. Investigation of mercury migration in human teeth using spatially resolved analysis by laser ablation-ICP-MSDedicated to professor Dr. D. Klockow on the occasion of his 65th birthday. J Anal At Spectrom. 2000;15:663–7. https://doi.org/10.1039/A908749D.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lin S-H, Wang X-R, Yu ITS, et al. Lead powder use for skin care and elevated blood lead level among children in a Chinese rural area. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012;22:198. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2011.46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karri V, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As and MeHg) as risk factors for cognitive dysfunction: a general review of metal mixture mechanism in brain. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016;48:203–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.016.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Janicka M, Binkowski ŁJ, Błaszczyk M, et al. Cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations and their influence on morphological parameters in blood donors from different age groups from south ern Poland. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;29:342–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.002.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Molin M, Ulven SM, Meltzer HM, et al. Arsenic in the human food chain, biotransformation and toxicology—review focusing on sea food arsenic. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;31:249–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.01.010.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grünke K, Stärk HJ, Wennrich R, Franck U. Determination of traces of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in microsamples of teeth material by ETV-ICP-MS. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 1996;354:633–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0021663540633.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cox A, Keenan F, Cooke M, Appleton J. Trace element profiling of dental tissues using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 1996;354:254–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012715.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lochner F, Appleton J, Keenan F, Cooke M. Multielement profiling of human deciduous teeth by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 1999;401(1–2):299–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00476-6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khashan KS, Ismail RA, Mahdi RO. Synthesis of SiC nanoparticles by SHG 532 nm Nd: YAG laser ablation of silicon in ethanol. Appl Phys A. 2018;124(6):443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-1835-7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Samek O, Beddows DCS, Telle HH, Morris GW, Liska M, Kaiser J. Quantitative analysis of trace metal accumulation in teeth using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Appl Phys A. 1999;69:S179–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003399900277.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Samek O, Liška M, Kaiser J, Beddows DCS, Telle HH, Kukhlevsky SV. Clinical application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to the analysis of teeth and dental materials. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2000;18(6):281–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/clm.2000.18.281.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoffmann E, Stephanowitz H, Ullrich E, Skole J, Lüdke C, Hoffmann B. Investigation of mercury migration in human teeth using spatially resolved analysis by laser ablation-ICP-MSDedicated to Professor Dr. D. Klockow on the occasion of his 65th birthday. J Anal At Spectrom. 2000;15(6):663–7. https://doi.org/10.1039/A908749D.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ismail RA, Rashid FF, Tariq MS. Preparation and characteristics study of CuAlO2/Si heterojunction photodetector by pulsed laser deposition. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2017;28:6889–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6389-5.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ismail RA. Fabrication and characterization of photodetector based on porous silicon. E J Surf Sci Nanotechnol. 2010;8:388–91. https://doi.org/10.1380/ejssnt.2010.388.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Samek O, Beddows DCS, Telle HH, Kaiser J, Liška M, Caceres JO, Urena AG. Quantitative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of calcified tissue samples. Spectrochim Acta Part B. 2001;56(6):865–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00198-7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Al-Hadeethi Y, Al-Jedani S, Razvi MAN, Saeed A, Abdel-Daiem AM, Ansari MS, Al-Mujtaba A. Data fitting to study ablated hard dental tissues by nanosecond laser irradiation. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(5):e0156093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156093.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Staines M, Robinson WH, Hood JAA. Spherical indentation of tooth enamel. J Mater Sci. 1981;16:2551–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01113595.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tareq MS, Hamad TK. In vitro studies the influence of Nd: YAG laser on dental enamels. Lasers Med Sci. 2024;39(1):1–8. https://do