Pérez-Cataluña A, Collado L, Salgado O, Lefiñanco V, Figueras MJ. A polyphasic and taxogenomic evaluation uncovers Arcobacter cryaerophilus as a species complex that embraces four genomovars. Front Microbiol. 2018;9.

Waite DW, Vanwonterghem I, Rinke C, Parks DH, Zhang Y, Takai K, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of the class Epsilonproteobacteria and proposed reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov). Front Microbiol. 2017;8:682.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Fusco V. Arcobacter butzleri: up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of an emerging pathogen. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2020;19(4):2071–109.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mateus C, Martins R, Luís A, Oleastro M, Domingues F, Pereira L, et al. Prevalence of Arcobacter: from farm to retail - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Control. 2021;128.

Boudreau M, Higgins R, Mittal KR. Biochemical and serological characterization of Campylobacter cryaerophila. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29(1):54–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kjeldgaard J, Jorgensen K, Ingmer H. Growth and survival at chiller temperatures of Arcobacter butzleri. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009;131(2–3):256–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’Sa EM, Harrison MA. Effect of pH, NaCl content, and temperature on growth and survival of Arcobacter spp. J Food Prot. 2005;68(1):18–25.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collado L, Inza I, Guarro J, Figueras MJ. Presence of Arcobacter spp. in environmental waters correlates with high levels of fecal pollution. Environ Microbiol. 2008;10(6):1635–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arias Echandi ML, Huete Soto A, Castillo Blanco JM, Fernández F, Fernandez Jaramillo H. Occurrence of Aliarcobacter spp. in fresh and pre-cut vegetables of common use in San Jose, Costa Rica. Ital J Food Saf. 2023;12(4):10344.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barel M, Yildirim Y. Arcobacter species isolated from various seafood and water sources; virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes and molecular characterization. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023;39(7).

Rivas L, Fegan N, Vanderlinde P. Isolation and characterisation of Arcobacter butzleri from meat. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;91(1):31–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collado L, Guarro J, Figueras MJ. Prevalence of Arcobacter in meat and shellfish. J Food Prot. 2009;72(5):1102–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Houf K, Devriese LA, De Zutter L, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P. Development of a new protocol for the isolation and quantification of Arcobacter species from poultry products. Int J Food Microbiol. 2001;71(2–3):189–96.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pejchalová M, Dostalíková E, Slámová M, Brozková I, Vytfrasová J. Prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in the Czech Republic. J Food Prot. 2008;71(4):719–27.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barboza K, Angulo I, Zumbado L, Redondo-Solano M, Castro E, Arias ML. Isolation and identification of Arcobacter species from Costa Rican poultry production and retail sources. J Food Prot. 2017;80(5):779–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schönknecht A, Alter T, Gölz G. Detection of Arcobacter species in different intestinal compartments of broiler chicken during slaughter and processing. Microbiologyopen. 2020;9(10):e1106.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Altan F, Alp SY. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolated from buffalo milk with subclinical mastitis: a different approach. J Hell Vet Med Soc. 2022;73(2):4227–34.

Article  Google Scholar 

van Driessche E, Houf K, van Hoof J, De Zutter L, Vandamme P. Isolation of Arcobacter species from animal feces. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003;229(2):243–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Golla SC, Murano EA, Johnson LG, Tipton NC, Cureington EA, Savell JW. Determination of the occurrence of Arcobacter butzleri in beef and dairy cattle from Texas by various isolation methods. J Food Prot. 2002;65(12):1849–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma B, Thille K, Belmar VM, Thomas RN, Sharma RN. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from red-footed pet tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp. from Grenada, West Indies. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(3):e0230390.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bath GF, Leask R, Pettey KP, Coetzee DJ. Abortions in sheep associated with Arcobacter skirrowii infection. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2013;84(1).

Uljanovas D, Gölz G, Brückner V, Grineviciene A, Tamuleviciene E, Alter T, et al. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene profiles of Arcobacter species isolated from human stool samples, foods of animal origin, ready-to-eat salad mixes and environmental water. Gut Pathog. 2021;13(1).

Gabucci C, Baldelli G, Amagliani G, Schiavano GF, Savelli D, Russo I, et al. Widespread multidrug resistance of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from clinical and food sources in central Italy. Antibiot (Basel). 2023;12(8).

Vandenberg O, Dediste A, Houf K, Ibekwem S, Souayah H, Cadranel S, et al. Arcobacter species in humans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(10):1863–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brückner V, Fiebiger U, Ignatius R, Friesen J, Eisenblätter M, Höck M, et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcobacter species in human stool samples derived from out- and inpatients: the prospective German Arcobacter prevalence study Arcopath. Gut Pathog. 2020;12(1).

Van den Abeele AM, Vogelaers D, Van Hende J, Houf K. Prevalence of Arcobacter species among humans, Belgium, 2008–2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(10):1731–4.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Houf K, Stephan R. Isolation and characterization of the emerging foodborn pathogen Arcobacter from human stool. J Microbiol Methods. 2007;68(2):408–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baztarrika I, Salazar-Sánchez A, Hernaez Crespo S, López Mirones JI, Canut A, Alonso R, et al. Virulence genotype and phenotype of two clinical isolates of Arcobacter butzleri obtained from patients with different pathologies. Arch Microbiol. 2023;205(12):369.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barboza K, Cubillo Z, Castro E, Redondo-Solano M, Fernández-Jaramillo H, Arias Echandi ML. First isolation report of Arcobacter cryaerophilus from a human diarrhea sample in Costa Rica. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2017;59:e72.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lerner J, Brumberger V, Preac-Mursic V. Severe diarrhea associated with Arcobacter butzleri. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994;13(8):660–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernández H, Krause S, Villanueva MP. Arcobacter butzleri an emerging enteropathogen: communication of two cases with chronic diarrhea. Braz J Microbiol. 2004;35(3):216–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rathore A, Patel F, Gupta N, Asiimwe DD, Rollini F, Ravi M. First case of Arcobacter species isolated in pericardial fluid in an HIV and COVID-19 patient with worsening cardiac tamponade. IDcases. 2023;32.

Soelberg KK, Danielsen TKL, Martin-Iguacel R, Justesen US. Arcobacter butzleri is an opportunistic pathogen: recurrent bacteraemia in an immunocompromised patient without diarrhoea. Access Microbiol. 2020;2(8):acmi000145.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arguello E, Otto CC, Mead P, Babady NE. Bacteremia caused by Arcobacter butzleri in an immunocompromised host. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(4):1448–51.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hsueh PR, Teng LJ, Yang PC, Wang SK, Chang SC, Ho SW, et al. Bacteremia caused by Arcobacter cryaerophilus 1B. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35(2):489–91.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ruiz de Alegría Puig C, Fernández Martínez M, Pablo Marcos D, Agüero Balbin J, Calvo Montes J. Outbreak of Arcobacter butzleri? An emerging enteropathogen. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2023;41(3):169–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wybo I, Breynaert J, Lauwers S, Lindenburg F, Houf K. Isolation of Arcobacter skirrowii from a patient with chronic diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(4):1851–2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vasiljevic M, Fenwick AJ, Nematollahi S, Gundareddy VP, Romagnoli M, Zenilman J, et al. First case report of human bacteremia with Malarcobacter (Arcobacter) mytili. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(7).

Kerkhof PJ, Van den Abeele AM, Strubbe B, Vogelaers D, Vandamme P, Houf K. Diagnostic approach for detection and identification of emerging enteric pathogens revisited: the (Ali)arcobacter lanthieri case. New Microb New Infec. 2021;39.

ICMSF ICoMSfF. In: Tompkin RB, editor. Microbiological testing in food safety management. Volume 7. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 2002. p. 171.

Google Scholar 

Zhang P, Liu Y, Fu M, Wang B, Ding S, Ma X, et al. Meta-analysis on the global prevalence of Arcobacter in food-producing aninmals and humans. One Heath Adv. 2024;2(13).

Article  Google Scholar 

Buzzanca D, Chiarini E, Alessandria V. Arcobacteraceae: an exploration of antibiotic resistance featuring the latest research updates. Antibiot (Basel). 2024;13(7).

Ramees TP, Dhama K, Karthik K, Rathore RS, Kumar A, Saminathan M, et al. Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control - a comprehensive review. Vet Quart. 2017;37(1):136–61.

Article  Google Scholar 

Baztarrika I, Salazar-Sánchez A, Laorden L, Martínez-Ballesteros I, Alonso R, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I. Foodborne and waterborne Arcobacter species exhibit a high virulent activity in Caco-2. Food Microbiol. 2024;118.

Brückner V, Fiebiger U, Ignatius R