Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, et al. The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet [Internet]. 2017 Mar [cited 2025 Mar 12];175(1):8–26. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.comhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31552.
Castori M, Tinkle B, Levy H, Grahame R, Malfait F, Hakim A. A framework for the classification of joint hypermobility and related conditions. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017;175(1):148–57.
Demmler JC, Atkinson MD, Reinhold EJ, Choy E, Lyons RA, Brophy ST. Diagnosed prevalence of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorder in Wales, UK: a national electronic cohort study and case-control comparison. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11).
Tinkle B, Castori M, Berglund B, Cohen H, Grahame R, Kazkaz H, et al. Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type III and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type): Clinical description and natural history. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017 Mar;175(1):48–69.
Rombaut L, Malfait F, Cools A, De Paepe A, Calders P. Musculoskeletal complaints, physical activity and health-related quality of life among patients with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(16):1339–45.
Shirley ED, Demaio M, Bodurtha J. Ehlers-danlos syndrome in orthopaedics: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment implications. Sports Health. 2012;4(5):394–403.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Henderson FC, Austin C, Benzel E, Bolognese P, Ellenbogen R, Francomano CA, et al. Neurological and spinal manifestations of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017;175(1):195–211.
Ericson WB, Wolman R. Orthopaedic management of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017;175(1):188–94.
Brady AF, Demirdas S, Fournel-Gigleux S, Ghali N, Giunta C, Kapferer-Seebacher I, et al. The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, rare types. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017;175(1):70–115.
Schubart JR, Mills SE, Rodeo SA, Francomano CA. Outcomes of orthopaedic surgery in Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: a scoping review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25(1):846.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yonko EA, LoTurco HM, Carter EM, Raggio CL. Orthopedic considerations and surgical outcomes in Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2021;187(4):458–65.
McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Medica. 2012;22(3):276–82.
Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, Kwiatkowski F, Panis Y, Chipponi J. Methodological index for non‐randomized studies ( MINORS ): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg [Internet]. 2003 Sep [cited 2025 Mar 12];73(9):712–6. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x.
Vivekanantha P, Kahlon H, Hassan Z, Slawaska‐Eng D, Abdel‐Khalik H, Johnson J, et al. Hamstring autografts demonstrate either similar or inferior outcomes to quadriceps or bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts in revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review of comparative studies. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc [Internet]. 2025 Feb [cited 2025 Mar 12];33(2):413–27. Available from: https://esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ksa.12366.
Stone AV, Mehta N, Beck EC, Waterman BR, Chahla J, Ukwuani G, et al. Comparable patient-reported outcomes in females with or without joint hypermobility after hip arthroscopy and capsular plication for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. J Hip Preserv Surg [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Mar 16];6(1):33–40. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jhps/article/6/1/33/5381112.
Naal FD, Müller A, Varghese VD, Wellauer V, Impellizzeri FM, Leunig M. Outcome of Hip Impingement Surgery: Does Generalized Joint Hypermobility Matter? Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2017 May [cited 2025 Mar 16];45(6):1309–14. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516688636.
Larson CM, Stone RM, Grossi EF, Giveans MR, Cornelsen GD. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Arthroscopic Management for Extreme Soft-Tissue Hip Instability. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg [Internet]. 2015 Dec [cited 2025 Mar 16];31(12):2287–94. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806315004971.
Soriano KKJ, Hartwell MJ, Nguyen TQ, Flores SE, Zhang AL. Hypermobile Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Can Be Effectively Treated Utilizing Hip Arthroscopy With Periportal Capsulotomy Closure: A Matched Cohort Analysis Compared to Patients Without Joint Hypermobility. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg [Internet]. 2023 Sep [cited 2025 Mar 16];39(9):2026–34. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806323002402.
Mojica ES, Rynecki ND, Akpinar B, Haskel JD, Colasanti CA, Gipsman A, et al. Joint Hypermobility Is Associated With Increased Risk of Postoperative Iliopsoas Tendinitis After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg [Internet]. 2022 Aug [cited 2025 Mar 16];38(8):2451–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806322001165.
Maldonado DR, Chen JW, Yelton MJ, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Brayboy C, et al. Achieving Successful Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in the Setting of Generalized Ligamentous Laxity With Labral Preservation and Appropriate Capsular Management: A Propensity Matched Controlled Study. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2020 Jun [cited 2025 Mar 16];48(7):1625–35. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520914604.
Saadat AA, Lall AC, Battaglia MR, Mohr MR, Maldonado DR, Domb BG. Prevalence of Generalized Ligamentous Laxity in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy: A Prospective Study of Patients’ Clinical Presentation, Physical Examination, Intraoperative Findings, and Surgical Procedures. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2019 Mar [cited 2025 Mar 16];47(4):885–93. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0363546518825246.
Rosinsky PJ, Annin S, Maldonado DR, Kyin C, Meghpara MB, Shapira J, et al. Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction: Minimum 2-Year Patient-Reported Outcomes With Subanalysis of Patients With Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg [Internet]. 2020 Aug [cited 2025 Mar 16];36(8):2170–82. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806320303455.
Hammarstedt JE, Redmond JM, Gupta A, Domb BG. Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction of the Hip in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Study. HIP Int [Internet]. 2015 May [cited 2025 Mar 16];25(3):286–91. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.5301/hipint.5000228.
Kutschke MJ, Albright JA, Winschel JM, He EW, Cruz AI, Daniels AH, et al. Increased Risk of Patellofemoral Instability Events and Surgical Management in Patients With Joint Hypermobility Syndromes: A Matched Cohort Analysis. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil [Internet]. 2024 Dec [cited 2025 Mar 16];6(6):100995. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666061X24001329.
Parikh SN, Nemunaitis J, Wall EJ, Cabatu C, Gupta R, Veerkamp MW. Midterm Outcomes of Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Patellar Instability in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Orthop J Sports Med [Internet]. 2024 Jun [cited 2025 Mar 16];12(6):23259671241241096. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/23259671241241096.
Imerci A, McDonald TC, Rogers KJ, Thacker MM, Atanda A. Outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and tibial tubercle osteotomy in syndromic adolescents with patellar dislocation. J Clin Orthop Trauma [Internet]. 2022 Feb [cited 2025 Mar 16];25:101770. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0976566222000066.
Hiemstra LA, Kerslake S, Kupfer N, Lafave MR. Generalized joint hypermobility does not influence clinical outcomes following isolated MPFL reconstruction for patellofemoral instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc [Internet]. 2019 Nov [cited 2025 Mar 16];27(11):3660–7. Available from: https://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-019-05489-0.
Shubert DJ, McDonough EB. Bilateral Medial and Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in a Patient with Hypermobility Type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Mar 16];9(3):e0359–e0359. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/01709767-201909000-00022.
Howells NR, Eldridge JD. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patellar instability in patients with hypermobility: A case control study. J Bone Joint Surg Br [Internet]. 2012 Dec [cited 2025 Mar 16];94-B(12):1655–9. Available from: https://online.boneandjoint.org.ukhttps://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B12.29562.
Hishimura R, Kondo E, Matsuoka M, Iwasaki K, Kawaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, et al. Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendon hybrid grafts in a patient with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A case report. The Knee [Internet]. 2022 Mar [cited 2025 Mar 16];35:81–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968016022000138.
Kim SJ, Moon HK, Kim SG, Chun YM, Oh KS. Does Severity or Specific Joint Laxity Influence Clinical Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? Clin Orthop [Internet]. 2010 Apr [cited 2025 Mar 16];468(4):1136–41. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00003086-201004000-00031.
Sundemo D, Senorski EH, Samuelsson K. Editorial Commentary: Diagnosis and Treatment of Generalized Joint Hypermobility in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg [Internet]. 2021 Jul [cited 2025 Mar 12];37(7):2348–50. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806321002929.
Toker MB, Erden T, Toprak A, Taşer ÖF. Does anterolateral ligament internal bracing improve the outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients with generalized joint hypermobility? Ulus Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Derg Turk J Trauma Emerg Surg TJTES. 2022;28(3):320–7.
Zsidai B, Piussi R, Thomeé R, Sundemo D, Musahl V, Samuelsson K, et al. Generalised joint hypermobility leads to increased odds of sustaining a second ACL injury within 12 months of return to sport after ACL reconstruction. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. 2023 Aug [cited 2025 Mar 16];57(15):972–9. Available from: https://bjsm.bmj.com/lookuphttps://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106183.
Kim SJ, Chang JH, Kim TW, Jo SB, Oh KS. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Use of a Single or Double-Bundle Technique in Patients with Generalized Ligamentous Laxity: J Bone Jt Surg-Am Vol [Internet]. 2009 Feb [cited 2025 Mar 16];91(2):257–62. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/00004623-200902000-00001.
Sundemo D, Hamrin Senorski E, Karlsson L, Horvath A, Juul-Kristensen B, Karlsson J, et al. Generalised joint hypermobility increases ACL injury risk and is associated with inferior outcome after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med [Internet]. 2019 Nov [cited 2025 Mar 12];5(1):e000620. Available from: https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/lookuphttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000620.
Wang A, Jiang Y, Su T, Xie X, Jiao C, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Outcomes and Return to Preinjury Sports After Anatomic Reconstruction With a Gracilis Autograft Versus the Modified Broström Procedure in Patients With Generalized Joint Laxity. Orthop J Sports Med [Internet]. 2024 Mar [cited 2025 Mar 18];12(3):23259671241229443. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/23259671241229443.
Wang A hong, Su T, Jiang Y fang, Zhu Y chuan, Jiao C, Hu Y lin, et al. Arthroscopic modified Broström procedure achieved similar favorable short term outcomes to open procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability cases with generalized joint laxity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc [Internet]. 2023 Sep [cited 2025 Mar 18];31(9):4043–51. Available from: https://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-023-07431-x.
Porter MD, Trajkovska A, Georgousopoulou E. Ligament Augmentation Reconstruction System (LARS) for Ankle Lateral Ligament Reconstruction in Higher-Risk Patients: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Orthop J Sports Med [Internet]. 2022 May 1 [cited 2025 Mar 18];10(5):23259671221093968. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/23259671221093968.
Yeo ED, Park JY, Kim JH, Lee YK. Comparison of Outcomes in Patients With Generalized Ligamentous Laxity and Without Generalized Laxity in the Arthroscopic Modified Broström Operation for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability. Foot Ankle Int [Internet]. 2017 Dec [cited 2025 Mar 18];38(12):1318–23. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1071100717730336.
Cho BK, Park KJ, Park JK, SooHoo NF. Outcomes of the Modified Broström Procedure Augmented With Suture-Tape for Ankle Instability in Patients With Generalized Ligamentous Laxity. Foot Ankle Int [Internet]. 2017 Apr [cited 2025 Mar 16];38(4):405–11. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1071100716683348.
Park KH, Lee JW, Suh JW, Shin MH, Choi WJ. Generalized Ligamentous Laxity Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Outcomes After the Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2016 Nov [cited 2025 Mar 18];44(11):2975–83. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516656183.
Huang B, Kim YT, Kim JU, Shin JH, Park YW, Kim HN. Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Ankle Instability With Generalized Joint Hypermobility. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2016 Apr [cited 2025 Mar 18];44(4):1011–6. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515623029.
Xu HX, Lee KB. Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability in Patients With Generalized Joint Laxity. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2016 Dec [cited 2025 Mar 18];44(12):3152–7. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516657816.
Cheng M, Tho KS. Chrisman-Snook ankle ligament reconstruction outcomes–a local experience. Singapore Med J. 2002;43(12):605–9.
Winschel JM, Albright JA, Testa EJ, Kent VF, Byrne RA, He EW, et al. Surgical management of glenohumeral instability in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorder and their risk of reoperation. JSES Rev Rep Tech [Internet]. 2024 Nov [cited 2025 Mar 19];4(4):757–61. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666639124000464.
Khawaja SR, Hussain ZB, Cooke H, Stern E, Karzon A, Gottschalk MB, et al. Dynamically rebalancing the unstable shoulder in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: latissimus dorsi transfer for posterior shoulder instability. JSES Int [Internet]. 2024 Sep [cited 2025 Mar 19];8(5):954–62. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666638324001312.
Dewing CB, Horan MP, Millett PJ. Two-Year Outcomes of Open Shoulder Anterior Capsular Reconstruction for Instability From Severe Capsular Deficiency. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg [Internet]. 2012 Jan [cited 2025 Mar 19];28(1):43–51. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806311006621.
Abdelhady A, Abouelsoud M, Eid M. Latarjet procedure in patients with multiple recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation and generalized ligamentous laxity. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol [Internet]. 2015 May [cited 2025 Mar 19];25(4):705–8. Available from: http://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-014-1558-1.
Yang JS, Mazzocca AD, Cote MP, Edgar CM, Arciero RA. Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability With Combined Bone Loss: Treatment and Results With the Modified Latarjet Procedure. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2016 Apr [cited 2025 Mar 19];44(4):922–32. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515623929.
Vavken P, Tepolt FA, Kocher MS. Open inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability in adolescents with generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg [Internet]. 2016 Jun [cited 2025 Mar 19];25(6):907–12. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1058274615005819.
Onode E, Takamatsu K, Kuroda T, Kazuki K, Nakamura H. Divergent Dislocation of the Elbow in an Adult with Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect [Internet]. 2021 Jul [cited 2025 Mar 16];11(3). Available from: https://journals.lww.com/https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.CC.21.00159.
Cole AS, Hill GA, Abela M, Carr AJ. Recurrent instability of the elbow in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A REPORT OF THREE CASES AND A NEW TECHNIQUE OF SURGICAL STABILISATION. J Bone Joint Surg Br [Internet]. 2000 Jul [cited 2025 Mar 16];82-B(5):702–4. Available from: https://online.boneandjoint.org.ukhttps://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.82B5.0820702.
Owusu-Akyaw KA. Editorial Commentary: Successful Hip Arthroscopy for Patients With Hypermobility Requires a Patient-centric Approach, Meticulous Capsular Management, and Preservation of the Fibrous Capsular Ligaments. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg [Internet]. 2023 Sep [cited 2025 Mar 12];39(9):2035–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806323003304.
Zsidai B, Kaarre J, Svantesson E, Piussi R, Musahl V, Samuelsson K, et al. The days of generalised joint hypermobility assessment in all patients with ACL injury are here. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. 2024 May [cited 2025 Mar 12];58(9):461–3. Available from: https://bjsm.bmj.com/lookuphttps://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-107188.
Malek S, Reinhold EJ, Pearce GS. The Beighton Score as a measure of generalised joint hypermobility. Rheumatol Int [Internet]. 2021 Oct [cited 2025 Mar 12];41(10):1707–16. Available from: https://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04832-4.
Fong DTP, Hong Y, Chan LK, Yung PSH, Chan KM. A Systematic Review on Ankle Injury and Ankle Sprain in Sports: Sports Med [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2025 Mar 12];37(1):73–94. Available from: https://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737010-00006.
Wolf JM, Cameron KL, Owens BD. Impact of Joint Laxity and Hypermobility on the Musculoskeletal System: Am Acad Orthop Surg [Internet]. 2011 Aug [cited 2025 Mar 12];19(8):463–71. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/00124635-201108000-00002.
Getgood AMJ, Bryant DM, Litchfield R, Heard M, McCormack RG, Rezansoff A, et al. Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Reduces Failure of Hamstring Tendon Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: 2-Year Outcomes From the STABILITY Study Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2025 Mar 12];48(2):285–97. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.comhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519896333.
Yeung M, Memon M, Simunovic N, Belzile E, Philippon MJ, Ayeni OR. Gross Instability After Hip Arthroscopy: An Analysis of Case Reports Evaluating Surgical and Patient Factors. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg [Internet]. 2016 Jun [cited 2025 Mar 12];32(6):1196–1204.e1. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806316000414.
Schmidt H, Pedersen TL, Junge T, Engelbert R, Juul-Kristensen B. Hypermobility in Adolescent Athletes: Pain, Functional Ability, Quality of Life, and Musculoskeletal Injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther [Internet]. 2017 Oct [cited 2025 Mar 12];47(10):792–800. Available from: https://www.jospt.orghttps://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.7682.
Desai N, Vance DD, Rosenwasser MP, Ahmad CS. Artistic Gymnastics Injuries; Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg [Internet]. 2019 Jul 1 [cited 2025 Mar 12];27(13):459–67. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00124635-201907010-00001.
Comments (0)