*Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200000, China;

†National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China;

‡Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China;

§Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China;

¶Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200000, China.

Correspondence: Leilei Cheng, MD, PhD, Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200000, China (e-mail: [email protected]). Hao Lu, MD, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200000, China (e-mail: [email protected]).

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 82170359 and 82300444), Clinical Research Project of Zhongshan Hospital (grant 2020ZSLC21), and Smart Medical Treatment Project of Zhong-shan Hospital (grant 2020ZHZS16).

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.jcvp.org).

J. Zhang reviewed the literature, performed the experiments, and wrote the manuscript. Y. Shen, H. Zhang, X. Wang, Y. Chen, X. He, and H. Lu aided in animal experiments and data statistics. J. Zhang and Y. Lu performed the data analysis and critically reviewed the manuscript. H. Lu and L. Cheng reviewed and supervised the study. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

All experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital (No. 2023-206) and conformed to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the United States National Institute of Health.

The datasets presented in this study can be found in the online repositories. The names of the repositories and their accession numbers can be found in this article.

J. Zhang and Y. Lu contributed equally to this study.