Eberhardt RT, Raffetto JD. Chronic venous insufficiency. Circulation. 2014;130(4):333–46.
Orhurhu V, Chu R, Xie K, Kamanyi GN, Salisu B, Salisu-Orhurhu M, et al. Management of lower extremity pain from chronic venous insufficiency: a comprehensive review. Cardiol Ther. 2021;10(1):111.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
de Moraes Silva MA, Nakano LC, Cisneros LL, Miranda F. Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;8(8):CD013085.
Beebe HG, Bergan JJ, Bergqvist D, Eklof B, Eriksson I, Goldman MP, et al. Classification and grading of chronic venous disease in the lower limbs. A consensus statement. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 1996;12(4):487–91; discussion 491–492.
Lurie F, Passman M, Meisner M, Dalsing M, Masuda E, Welch H, et al. The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020;8(3):342–52.
Passman MA, McLafferty RB, Lentz MF, Nagre SB, Iafrati MD, Bohannon WT, et al. Validation of Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) with other venous severity assessment tools from the American Venous Forum, National Venous Screening Program. J Vasc Surg. 2011;54(6 Suppl):2S-9S.
Gloviczki P, Lawrence PF, Wasan SM, Meissner MH, Almeida J, Brown KR, et al. The 2022 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Part I. Duplex Scanning and Treatment of Superficial Truncal Reflux: Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine and the International Union of Phlebology. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2023 Mar;11(2):231–261.e6.
Michaels JA, Brazier JE, Campbell WB, MacIntyre JB, Palfreyman SJ, Ratcliffe J. Randomized clinical trial comparing surgery with conservative treatment for uncomplicated varicose veins. Br J Surg. 2006;93(2):175–81.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jantet G. Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Worldwide Results of the RELIEF Study. Angiology. 2002;53(3):245–56.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kakkos SK, Nicolaides AN. Efficacy of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon®) on improving individual symptoms, signs and quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Int Angiol J Int Union Angiol. 2018;37(2):143–54.
Gloviczki P, Lawrence PF, Wasan SM, Meissner MH, Almeida J, Brown KR, et al. The 2023 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Part II: Endorsed by the Society of Interventional Radiology and the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2024 Jan;12(1):101670.
Farah MH, Nayfeh T, Urtecho M, Hasan B, Amin M, Sen I, et al. A systematic review supporting the Society for Vascular Surgery, the American Venous Forum, and the American Vein and Lymphatic Society guidelines on the management of varicose veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2022;10(5):1155–71.
Marston WA. PPG, APG, duplex: which noninvasive tests are most appropriate for the management of patients with chronic venous insufficiency? Semin Vasc Surg. 2002;15(1):13–20.
Markel A, Meissner MH, Manzo RA, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE. A comparison of the cuff deflation method with Valsalva’s maneuver and limb compression in detecting venous valvular reflux. Arch Surg Chic Ill 1960. 1994 Jul;129(7):701–5.
Labropoulos N, Tiongson J, Pryor L, Tassiopoulos AK, Kang SS, Ashraf Mansour M, et al. Definition of venous reflux in lower-extremity veins. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38(4):793–8.
Criado E, Farber MA, Marston WA, Daniel PF, Burnham CB, Keagy BA. The role of air plethysmography in the diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27(4):660–70.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Uhl JF. Three-dimensional modelling of the venous system by direct multislice helical computed tomography venography: technique, indications and results. Phlebology. 2012;27(6):270–88.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Müller MA, Mayer D, Seifert B, Marincek B, Willmann JK. Recurrent lower-limb varicose veins: effect of direct contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR venographic findings on diagnostic thinking and therapeutic decisions. Radiology. 2008;247(3):887–95.
Neglén P, Raju S. Intravascular ultrasound scan evaluation of the obstructed vein. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(4):694–700.
Techniques for endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of lower extremity chronic venous disease - UpToDate [Internet]. [cited 2024 Oct 22]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/techniques-for-endovenous-laser-ablation-for-the-treatment-of-lower-extremity-chronic-venous-disease.
Kheirelseid EAH, Crowe G, Sehgal R, Liakopoulos D, Bela H, Mulkern E, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating long-term outcomes of endovenous management of lower extremity varicose veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2018;6(2):256–70.
Brittenden Julie, Cotton Seonaidh C., Elders Andrew, Ramsay Craig R., Norrie John, Burr Jennifer, et al. A Randomized Trial Comparing Treatments for Varicose Veins. N Engl J Med. 371(13):1218–27.
Lurie F, Creton D, Eklof B, Kabnick LS, Kistner RL, Pichot O, et al. Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure procedure) versus ligation and stripping in a selected patient population (EVOLVeS Study). J Vasc Surg. 2003;38(2):207–14.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kiguchi MM, Dillavou ED. Thermal and Nonthermal Endovenous Ablation Options for Treatment of Superficial Venous Insufficiency. Surg Clin North Am. 2018;98(2):385–400.
Almeida JI, Kaufman J, Göckeritz O, Chopra P, Evans MT, Hoheim DF, et al. Radiofrequency endovenous ClosureFAST versus laser ablation for the treatment of great saphenous reflux: a multicenter, single-blinded, randomized study (RECOVERY study). J Vasc Interv Radiol JVIR. 2009;20(6):752–9.
Hamann S a. S, Timmer-de Mik L, Fritschy WM, Kuiters GRR, Nijsten TEC, van den Bos RR. Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus direct and indirect radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg. 2019;106(8):998–1004.
Weiss RA, Feied C, Weiss MA. Vein Diagnosis & Treatment: A Comprehensive Approach [Internet]. McGraw-Hill Companies,Incorporated; 2001. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=RxOeOW3a-UQC.
Ayo D, Blumberg SN, Rockman CR, Sadek M, Cayne N, Adelman M. Compression Versus No Compression after Endovascular Ablation of the Great Saphenous Vein: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(2):297.
Proebstle TM, Vago B, Alm J, Göckeritz O, Lebard C, Pichot O. Treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein by endovenous radiofrequency powered segmental thermal ablation: first clinical experience. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47(1):151–6.
Proebstle TM, Alm J, Göckeritz O, Wenzel C, Noppeney T, Lebard C, et al. Three-year European follow-up of endovenous radiofrequency-powered segmental thermal ablation of the great saphenous vein with or without treatment of calf varicosities. J Vasc Surg. 2011;54(1):146–52.
Shepherd AC, Gohel MS, Lim CS, Hamish M, Davies AH. Pain Following 980-nm Endovenous Laser Ablation and Segmental Radiofrequency Ablation for Varicose Veins: A Prospective Observational Study. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2010;44(3):212–6.
Proebstle TM, Alm BJ, Göckeritz O, Wenzel C, Noppeney T, Lebard C, et al. Five-year results from the prospective European multicentre cohort study on radiofrequency segmental thermal ablation for incompetent great saphenous veins. Br J Surg. 2015;102(3):212–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Proebstle TM, Moehler T, Gül D, Herdemann S. Endovenous treatment of the great saphenous vein using a 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser causes fewer side effects than using a 940 nm diode laser. Dermatol Surg Off Publ Am Soc Dermatol Surg Al. 2005;31(12):1678–83; discussion 1683–1684.
Kabnick LS. Outcome of different endovenous laser wavelengths for great saphenous vein ablation. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43(1):88–93.
Kabnick LS, Sadek M. Fiber type as compared to wavelength may contribute more to improving postoperative recovery following endovenous laser ablation. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2016;4(3):286–92.
Hirokawa M, Ogawa T, Sugawara H, Shokoku S, Sato S. Comparison of 1470 nm Laser and Radial 2ring Fiber with 980 nm Laser and Bare-Tip Fiber in Endovenous Laser Ablation of Saphenous Varicose Veins: A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized. Non-Blind Study Ann Vasc Dis. 2015;8(4):282–9.
Timperman PE, Sichlau M, Ryu RK. Greater energy delivery improves treatment success of endovenous laser treatment of incompetent saphenous veins. J Vasc Interv Radiol JVIR. 2004;15(10):1061–3.
Healy DA, Kimura S, Power D, Elhaj A, Abdeldaim Y, Cross KS, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Thrombotic Events Following Endovenous Thermal Ablation of the Great Saphenous Vein. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2018;56(3):410–24.
Min RJ, Khilnani N, Zimmet SE. Endovenous laser treatment of saphenous vein reflux: long-term results. J Vasc Interv Radiol JVIR. 2003;14(8):991–6.
Proebstle TM, Lehr HA, Kargl A, Espinola-Klein C, Rother W, Bethge S, et al. Endovenous treatment of the greater saphenous vein with a 940-nm diode laser: thrombotic occlusion after endoluminal thermal damage by laser-generated steam bubbles. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(4):729–36.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Desmyttère J, Grard C, Wassmer B, Mordon S. Endovenous 980-nm laser treatment of saphenous veins in a series of 500 patients. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46(6):1242–7.
Comments (0)