Severino P, D’Amato A, Pucci M, et al. Ischemic heart disease pathophysiology paradigms overview: from plaque activation to microvascular dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(21):8118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218118.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982–3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403(10440):2100–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00367-2.

Article  Google Scholar 

GBD 2021 Stroke Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(10):973–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00369-7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Endothelial barrier and its abnormalities in cardiovascular disease. Front Physiol. 2015;6:365. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00365.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de la Riva P, Marta-Enguita J, Rodríguez-Antigüedad J, et al. Understanding endothelial dysfunction and its role in ischemic stroke after the outbreak of recanalization therapies. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(21):11631. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111631.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Weber C, Noels H. Atherosclerosis: current pathogenesis and therapeutic options. Nat Med. 2011;17(11):1410–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2538.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Attiq A, Afzal S, Ahmad W, et al. Hegemony of inflammation in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 2024;966: 176338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176338.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarmah D, Datta A, Raut S, et al. The role of inflammasomes in atherosclerosis and stroke pathogenesis. Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(34):4234–45. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200427084949.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amarenco P, Lavallée PC, Labreuche J, et al. Prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with cerebral infarction. Stroke. 2011;42(1):22–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.584086.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Billinger SA, Arena R, Bernhardt J, et al. Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45(8):2532–53. https://doi.org/10.1161/str.0000000000000022.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Sullivan JW, Raghavan S, Marquez-Luna C, et al. Polygenic risk scores for cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;146(8):e93–118. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000001077.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mishra A, Malik R, Hachiya T, et al. Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries. Nature. 2022;611(7934):115–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05165-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aragam KG, Jiang T, Goel A, et al. Discovery and systematic characterization of risk variants and genes for coronary artery disease in over a million participants. Nat Genet. 2022;54(12):1803–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01233-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Anttila V, et al. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat Genet. 2015;47(11):1236–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3406.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu K, Li Z, Shi W, et al. Causal impact of statins on susceptibility to osteoarthritis: insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Clin Pharm. 2024;46(5):1208–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-024-01754-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng S, Tsao PS, Pan C. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and cardiometabolic traits share strong genetic susceptibility to lipid metabolism and inflammation. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):5652. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49921-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Turley P, Walters RK, Maghzian O, et al. Multi-trait analysis of genome-wide association summary statistics using MTAG. Nat Genet. 2018;50(2):229–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-017-0009-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu X, Feng T, Tayo BO, et al. Meta-analysis of correlated traits via summary statistics from GWASs with an application in hypertension. Am J Hum Genet. 2015;96(1):21–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.011.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao W, Fang P, Lai C, et al. Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies therapeutic targets for ankylosing spondylitis. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1366736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366736.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ursu O, Holmes J, Bologa CG, et al. DrugCentral 2018: an update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D963–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky963.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cotto KC, Wagner AH, Feng Y-Y, et al. DGIdb 3.0: a redesign and expansion of the drug–gene interaction database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(D1):D1068–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1143.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barbarino JM, Whirl-Carrillo M, Altman RB, et al. PharmGKB: a worldwide resource for pharmacogenomic information. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2018;10(4): e1417. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1417.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao H, Liu S, Mai Y, et al. Combined therapy of prednisone and mTOR inhibitor sirolimus for treating retroperitoneal fibrosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(5):688–97. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard-2022-223736.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sethi NJ, Safi S, Korang SK, et al. Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2(2):e003610. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003610.pub4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mazini B, Dietz M, Maréchal B, et al. Interrelation between cardiac and brain small-vessel disease: a pilot quantitative PET and MRI study. Eur J Hybrid Imaging. 2023;7(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41824-023-00180-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moretti R, Janjusevic M, Fluca AL, et al. Common shared pathogenic aspects of small vessels in heart and brain disease. Biomedicines. 2022;10(5):1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051009.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kitagawa K, Toi S, Hosoya M, et al. Small vessel disease burden predicts incident stroke and all-cause death, but not acute coronary event. Hypertens Res. 2024;47(11):3001–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-024-01797-2.

Article