C. Sultan, L. Gaspari, L. Maimoun, N. Kalfa, F. Paris, Disorders of puberty. Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 48, 62–89 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.11.004.
A.C. Latronica, V.N. Brito, J.C. Carel, Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of central precocious puberty. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 4(3), 265–274 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00380-0.
M. Spaziani, C. Tarantino, N. Tahani, D. Gianfrilli, E. Sbardella, A. Lenzi, A.F. Radicioni, Hypothalamo-pituitary axis and puberty. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 15(520), 111094 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2020.111094.
A. Alikasifoğlu, D. Vuralli, N.E. Gonc, A. Ozon, N. Kandemir, Changing etiological trends in male precocious puberty: evaluation of 100 cases with central precocious puberty over the last decade. Horm. Res. Paediatr. 83(5), 340–344 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1159/000377678.
A. Cassio, G. Marescotti, T. Aversa, M. Salerno, G. Tornese, M. Stancampiano et al., Central precocious puberty in Italian boys: data from a Large Nationwide Cohort. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 109(8), 2061–2070 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae035.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
R. Rapport, Precocious and delayed puberty revisited. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am. 53(2), ix–x (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2024.03.001.
J.C. Carel, E.A. Eugster, A. Rogol et al., Consensus statement on the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children. Pediatrics 123(4), e752–e762 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1783.
E.L. Zevin, E.A. Eugster, Central precocious puberty: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Lancet Child. Adolesc. Health 7(12), 886–896 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(23)00237-7.
M.J.Gonadotropins, in Diagnostics Of Endocrine Function in Children and Adolescents, ed. by M.B.Ranke (Karger, Basel, 2003), pp. 356–371
N. Kandemir, H. Demirbilek, Z.A. Ozon, N. Gonc, A. Alikasifoglu, GnRH stimulation test in precocious puberty: single sample is adequate for diagnosis and dose adjustment. J. Clin. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 3(1), 12–17 (2011). https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.v3i1.03.
O. Neyzi, R. Bundak, G. Gökçay et al., Reference values for weight, height, head circumference, and body mass index in Turkish children. J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 7(4), 280–293 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.2183.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
W.A. Marshall, J.M. Tanner, Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch. Dis. Child. 45(239), 13–23 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.45.239.13.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
W.W. Greulich, S.I. Pyle, Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. Calif. Med. 91(1), 53 (1959).
N. Bayley, S.R. Pinneau, Tables for predicting adult height from skeletal age: revised for use with the Greulich-Pyle hand standards. J. Pediatr. 40(4), 423–441 (1952). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(52)80205-7.
S. Odabaşı Güneş, H.N. Peltek Kendirci, E. Ünal, A.D. Buluş, İ Dündar, Z. Şıklar, Clinical, biochemical and molecular characteristics of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. 17(1), 3–11 (2025). https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-6-6-S.
V. De Sanctis, A. Corrias, V. Rizzo, S. Bertelloni, L. Urso, F. Galluzzi, A.M. Pasquino et al., Etiology of central precocious puberty in males: the results of the Italian study group for physiopathology of puberty. J. Ped Endocrinol. Metab. 13(Suppl 1), 687–693 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem.2000.13.s1.687.
L.S. Topor, K. Bowerman, J.T. Machan, C.L. Gilbert, T. Kangarloo, N.D. Shaw, Central precocious puberty in Boston boys: a 10-year single center experience. PLoS ONE 13(6), e0199019 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199019.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
J. Wang, S. Zhan, J. Yuan, R. Ullah, G. Dong, W. Wu, K. Huang, J. Fu, The incidence of brain lesions in central precocious puberty: the main cause for Chinese boys was idiopathic. Clin. Endocrinol. 95(2), 303–307 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14462.
J. Lee, J. Kim, A. Yang, S.Y. Cho, D.K. Jin, Etiological trends in male central precocious puberty. Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 23(2), 75–80 (2018). https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2018.23.2.75.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
H.K. Choi, S.J. Chung, M.J. Kang, J.Y. Yoon, J.E. Lee, Y.A. Lee, C.H. Shin, S.W. Yang, Boys with precocious or early puberty: incidence of pathological brain magnetic resonance imaging findings and factors related to newly developed brain lesions. Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 18(4), 183–190 (2013). https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2013.18.4.183.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
P.B. Kaplowitz, Do 6-8 years old girls with central precocious puberty need routine brain imaging?. Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 2016, 9 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13633-016-0027-5.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
S. Pedicelli, P. Alessio, G. Scirè, M. Cappa, S. Cianfarani, Routine screening by brain magnetic resonance imaging is not indicated in every girl with onset of puberty between the ages of 6 and 8 years. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 4455–4461 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2702.
S.S. Mogensen, L. Aksglaede, A. Mouritsen, K. Sørensen, K.M. Main, P. Gideon, A. Juul, Pathological and incidental findings on brain MRI in a single-center study of 229 consecutive girls with early or precocious puberty. PLoS ONE 7(1), e29829 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029829.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
D. Helvacıoğlu, S. Demircioğlu, T. Güran, Z. Atay, A. Dağçınar, D. Bezen, E. KarakılıçÖzturan, F. Darendeliler, A. Yüksel, F. Dursun, S. Kılınç, S. Semiz, S. Abalı, M. Yılıdz, A. Önder, A. Bereket, Cranial MRI abnormalities and long-term follow-up of the lesions in 770 girls with central precocious puberty. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106(7), e2557–e2566 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab190.
M. Chalumeau, C.G. Hadjiathanasiou, S.M. Ng, A. Cassio, D. Mul, M. Cisternino, C.J. Partsch, C. Theodoridis, M. Didi, E. Cacciari, W. Oostdijk, A. Borghesi, W.G. Sippell, G. Breart, R. Brauner, Selecting girls with precocious puberty for brain imaging: validation of European evidence-based diagnosis rule. J. Pediatr. 143(4), 445–450 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00328-7.
Y.R. Oh, Y.J. Kim, K.E. Oh, G.H. Park, E. Kang, H.K. Nam, Y.J. Rhie, S. Oh, K.H. Lee, Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in central precocious puberty patients: is routine MRI necessary for newly diagnosed patients. Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 28(3), 200–205 (2023). https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2244192.096.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
C.F. Chiu, C.J. Wang, Y.P. Chen, F.S. Lo, Pathological and incidental findings in 403 taiwanese girls with central precocious puberty at initial diagnosis. Front. Endocrinol. 11, 256 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00256.
S. Cantas-Orsdemir, J.L. Garb, H.F. Allen, Prevalence of cranial MRI findings in girls with central precocious puberty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 31(7), 701–710 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0052.
O.J. Oatman, D.R. McClellan, M.L. Olson, P. Garcia-Filion, Endocrine and pubertal disturbances in optic nerve hypoplasia, from infancy to adolescence. Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 2015(1), 8 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13633-015-0005-3.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
C. Huseman, R. Kelch, N. Hopwood, W. Zipf, Sexual precocity association with septo-optic dysplasia and hypothalamic hypopituitarism. J. Pediatr. 92(5), 748–753 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80142-5.
W.N. Al-Holou, S.W. Terman, C. Kilburg, H.J.L. Garton, K.M. Muraszko, W.F. Chandler, M. İbrahim, O.C. Maher, Prevalence and natural history of pineal cysts in adults. J. Neurosurg. 115(6), 1106–1114 (2011). https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.6.JNS11506.
S. Yuan, Y. Lin, Y. Zhao, M. Du, S. Dong, Y. Chen, H. Wei, Pineal cysts may promote pubertal development in girls with central precocious puberty: a single-center study from China. Front. Endocrinol. 15, 1323947 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1323947.
Comments (0)