W.H.O. www.who.int/about/accountability/governance/constitution (Accessed June 11, 2024).
Khosla R, Allotey P, Gruskin S. Reimagining human rights in global health: what will it take? BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7:e010373.
Article PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kickbusch I. Baying at the moon: addressing the politics of global health. Lancet. 2008;372:1623–4.
People’s health movement. https://phmovement.org/global-health-watch (Accessed May 25, 2024).
Global Health Watch 2: An Alternative World Health Report. Zed Books, London, U.K. 2008.
Nair A, Reed-Tsochas F. Revisiting the complex adaptive systems paradigm: leading perspectives for researching operations and supply chain management issues. J Oper Manag. 2019;65:80–92.
Kohler K, Ercole A. Can network science reveal structure in a complex healthcare system? A network analysis using data from emergency surgical services. BMJ Open. 2020;10:e034265.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ben-Tovim DI, Bajger M, Bui VD, Qin S, Thompson CH. Modular structures and the delivery of inpatient care in hospitals: a network science perspective on healthcare function and dysfunction. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:1503.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Choi TY, Dooley KJ, Rungtusanatham M. Supply networks and complex adaptive systems: control versus emergence. J Oper Manag. 2001;19:351–66.
Kahn S, Vandermorris A, Shepherd J, Begun JW, Lanham HJ, Uhl-Bien M, Berta W. Embracing uncertainty, managing complexity: applying complexity thinking principles to transformation efforts in healthcare systems. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:192.
Anderson P. More is different. Science. 1972;177:393–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Schelling TC. Micromotives and macrobehavior. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company; 1978. p. 137–66.
Krugman PR. The self-organizing economy. Oxford, U.K.: Wiley Blackwell Publishers; 1996. p. 15–21.
Klemann D, Winasti W, Tournois F, Mertens H, van Merode F. Quantifying the resilience of a healthcare system: entropy and network science perspectives. Entropy. 2024;26:21.
Pype P, Mertens F, Helewaut F, Krystallidou D. Healthcare teams as complex adaptive systems: understanding team behaviour through team members’ perception of interpersonal interaction. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:570–83.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Glover WJ, Nissinboim N, Naveh E, et al. Examining innovation in hospital units: a complex adaptive systems approach. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:554–66.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Garson A, Holeywell R. Exposing the 20 Medical Myths: Why everything you know about health care is wrong and how to make It right. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, London, U.K. 2019; Chapter 1. pp. 9–16.
McGinnis JM, Williams-Russo P, Knickman JR. The case for more active policy attention to health promotion. Health Aff. 2002;21:78–93.
Foster HME, Gill JMR, Mair FS, et al. Social connection and mortality in UK Biobank: a prospective cohort analysis. BMC Med. 2023;21:384.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:370–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2249–58.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Piombo SE, Barrington-Trimis J, Valente TW. Impact of social networks and norms on e-cigarette use among adolescents in Southern California: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Public Health. 2023;1:e000163.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
von Bertalanffy L. General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. George Braziller, New York, N.Y. 1968. https://monoskop.org/images/7/77/von_Bertalanffy_Ludwig_General_System_Theory_1968.pdf (Accessed Sept 16, 2024).
Forrester JW. Principles of Systems. 2nd edition. Productivity Press, Portland, OR. 1968
Epstein JM, Axtell R. Growing artificial societies: social science from the bottom Up. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 1996.
Epstein JM. Agent-based computational models and generative social science. Complexity. 1999;4:41–60.
Brandes U, Robins G, McCranie A, Wasserman S. What is network science? Netw Sci. 2013;1:1–15.
Valente TM. Social networks and health: models, methods, and applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K. 2010.
Peters DH. The application of systems thinking in health: why use systems thinking? Health Res Policy Syst. 2014;12:51–7.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
C.D.C. Community Health and Program Services: Health disparities among racial/ethnic populations. www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/index.htm (Accessed June 12, 2024).
Jelloun TB. Racism, naked and unavowed. Malice through the looking glass. The UNESCO Courier, Nov 1983. p.22. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000074705 (Accessed June 12, 2024).
Sze S, Pan D, Nevill CR, Gray LJ, Martin CA, Nazareth J, et al. Ethnicity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eClin Med. 2020;29:100630.
Magesh S, John D, Li WT, Li Y, Mattingly-App A, Jain S, Chang EY, Ongkeko WM. Disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status: a systematic-review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2134147.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kouser HN, Barnard-Mayers R, Murray E. Complex systems models for causal inference in social epidemiology. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021;75:702–8.
Pangallo M, Aleta A, del Rio-Chanona RM, et al. The unequal effects of the health-economy trade-off during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Hum Behav. 2024;8:264–75.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. C.M.S. framework for health equity. www.cms.gov/about-cms/agency-information/omh/health-equity-programs/cms-framework-for-health-equity or www.cms.gov/files/document/cms-framework-health-equity-2022.pdf (Accessed Aug 5, 2024).
Becker Epstein & Green. Biden administration prioritizes health equity in proposed reforms to Medicare managed care (Jan 23, 2023). www.ebglaw.com/insights/biden-administration-prioritizes-health-equity-in-proposed-reforms-to-medicare-managed-care/ (Accessed June 12, 2024).
Gallifant J, Kistler EA, Nakayama LF, Zera C, Kripalani S, Ntatin A, Fernandez L, Bates D, Dankwa-Mullan I, Celi LA. Disparity dashboards: an evaluation of the literature and framework for health equity improvement. Lancet Digit Health. 2023;5:e831–9.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hosseinpoor AR, Bergen N, Schlotheuber A, Boerma T. National health inequality monitoring: current challenges and opportunities. Glob Health Action. 2018;11:1392216.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Baciu A, Negussie Y, Geller A, et al. The state of health disparities in the United States. In: Communities in action: pathways to health equity. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2017. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/nbk425844/ (Accessed June 12, 2024).
W.H.O. (Feb 22, 2018). www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/health-inequities-and-their-causes#:~:text=in%20all%20countries%20%e2%80%93%20whether%20low,shows%20their%20cost%20to%20society (Accessed Aug 5, 2024).
Bambra C. The u-shaped curve of health inequalities over the 20th and 21st centuries. Int J Soc Determinants Health Health Serv. 2024;54:199–205.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
W.H.O. www.who.int/data/inequality-monitor/data (Accessed June 12, 2024).
Cerdeña JP, Plaisime MV, Tsai J. From race-based to race-conscious medicine: how anti-racist uprisings call us to act. Lancet. 2020;396:1125–8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
A.H.R.Q. 2021 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report. www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhqdr21/index.html (Accessed Aug 5, 2024).
Muller JZ. The Tyranny of Metrics. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 2018.
Box GEP. Science and statistics. J Am Stat Assoc. 1976;71:791–9.
Reidpath D, Allotey P. Infant mortality rate as an indicator of population health. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57:344–6.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ruiz JI, Nuhu K, McDaniel JT, Popoff F, Izcovich A, Criniti JM. Inequality as a powerful predictor of infant and maternal mortality around the world. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0140796.
Comments (0)