Nurk, S. et al. The complete sequence of a human genome. Science 376, 44–53 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Collins, F. S. & Varmus, H. A new initiative on precision medicine. New Engl. J. Med. 372, 793–795 (2015).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ashley, E. A. Towards precision medicine. Nat. Rev. Genet. 17, 507–522 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baccarelli, A. A. & Ordovas, J. Epigenetics of early cardiometabolic disease: mechanisms and precision medicine. Circ. Res. 132, 1648–1662 (2023).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kato, M. & Natarajan, R. Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 15, 327–345 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pleasance, E. et al. Whole-genome and transcriptome analysis enhances precision cancer treatment options. Ann. Oncol. 33, 939–949 (2022).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodriguez, H., Zenklusen, J. C., Staudt, L. M., Doroshow, J. H. & Lowy, D. R. The next horizon in precision oncology: Proteogenomics to inform cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cell 184, 1661–1670 (2021).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wishart, D. S. Emerging applications of metabolomics in drug discovery and precision medicine. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 15, 473–484 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Konig, I. R., Fuchs, O., Hansen, G., von Mutius, E. & Kopp, M. V. What is precision medicine? Eur. Respir. J. 50, 1700391 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beckmann, J. S. & Lew, D. Reconciling evidence-based medicine and precision medicine in the era of big data: challenges and opportunities. Genome Med. 8, 134 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aronson, S. J. & Rehm, H. L. Building the foundation for genomics in precision medicine. Nature 526, 336–342 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kumar-Sinha, C. & Chinnaiyan, A. M. Precision oncology in the age of integrative genomics. Nat. Biotechnol. 36, 46–60 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tsimberidou, A. M., Fountzilas, E., Nikanjam, M. & Kurzrock, R. Review of precision cancer medicine: evolution of the treatment paradigm. Cancer Treat. Rev. 86, 102019 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu, C. Y., Terry, V. & Thomas, D. M. Precision medicine: affording the successes of science. NPJ Precis. Oncol. 7, 3 (2023).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Renfro, L. A. & Sargent, D. J. Statistical controversies in clinical research: basket trials, umbrella trials, and other master protocols: a review and examples. Ann. Oncol. 28, 34–43 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Woodcock, J. & LaVange, L. M. Master protocols to study multiple therapies, multiple diseases, or both. New Engl. J. Med. 377, 62–70 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Redman, M. W. & Allegra, C. J. The master protocol concept. Semin. Oncol. 42, 724–730 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fountzilas, E., Tsimberidou, A. M., Vo, H. H. & Kurzrock, R. Clinical trial design in the era of precision medicine. Genome Med. 14, 101 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lengline, E. et al. Basket clinical trial design for targeted therapies for cancer: a French National Authority for Health statement for health technology assessment. Lancet Oncol. 22, e430–e434 (2021).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park, J. J. H., Hsu, G., Siden, E. G., Thorlund, K. & Mills, E. J. An overview of precision oncology basket and umbrella trials for clinicians. CA Cancer J. Clin. 70, 125–137 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qin, B. D. et al. Basket trials for intractable cancer. Front. Oncol. 9, 229 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Park, J. J. H. et al. Systematic review of basket trials, umbrella trials, and platform trials: a landscape analysis of master protocols. Trials 20, 572 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bhatt, D. L. & Mehta, C. Adaptive designs for clinical trials. New Engl. J. Med. 375, 65–74 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parmar, M. K. et al. Testing many treatments within a single protocol over 10 years at MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL: multi-arm, multi-stage platform, umbrella and basket protocols. Clin. Trials 14, 451–461 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Collins, F. S., Morgan, M. & Patrinos, A. The Human Genome Project: lessons from large-scale biology. Science 300, 286–290 (2003).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schuster, S. C. Next-generation sequencing transforms today’s biology. Nat. Methods 5, 16–18 (2008).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gulilat, M. et al. Targeted next generation sequencing as a tool for precision medicine. BMC Med. Genomics 12, 81 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yadav, D. et al. Next-Generation sequencing transforming clinical practice and precision medicine. Clin. Chim. Acta 551, 117568 (2023).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zehir, A. et al. Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients. Nat. Med. 23, 703–713 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Antman, E. M. & Loscalzo, J. Precision medicine in cardiology. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 13, 591–602 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ashina, M. et al. Migraine: disease characterisation, biomarkers, and precision medicine. Lancet 397, 1496–1504 (2021).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown, K. D., Campbell, C. & Roberts, G. V. Precision medicine in kidney disease: the patient’s view. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 16, 625–627 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chung, W. K. et al. Precision medicine in diabetes: a consensus report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 43, 1617–1635 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Druker, B. J. et al. Five-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia. New Engl. J. Med. 355, 2408–2417 (2006).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hsu, W. H., Yang, J. C., Mok, T. S. & Loong, H. H. Overview of current systemic management of EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Ann. Oncol. 29, i3–i9 (2018).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Remon, J., Steuer, C. E., Ramalingam, S. S. & Felip, E. Osimertinib and other third-generation EGFR TKI in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. Ann. Oncol. 29, i20–i27 (2018).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Westover, D., Zugazagoitia, J., Cho, B. C., Lovly, C. M. & Paz-Ares, L. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Ann. Oncol. 29, i10–i19 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hay, M., Thomas, D. W., Craighead, J. L., Economides, C. & Rosenthal, J. Clinical development success rates for investigational drugs. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 40–51 (2014).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bateman-House, A. & Robertson, C. T. The federal right to try act of 2017-A wrong turn for access to investigational drugs and the path forward. JAMA Intern. Med. 178, 321–322 (2018).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Druker, B. J. et al. Activity of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome. New Engl. J. Med. 344, 1038–1042 (2001).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Demetri, G. D. et al. Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. New Engl. J. Med. 347, 472–480 (2002).

Article  PubMed