Ardevol A, Ibañez-Sanz G, Profitos J et al. Survival of patients with cirrhosis and acute peptic ulcer bleeding compared with variceal bleeding using current first-line therapies. Hepatology. 2018;67:1458–1471.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, Burroughs AK. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet. 2014;383:1749–1761.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chalasani N, Kahi C, Francois F et al. Improved patient survival after acute variceal bleeding: a multicenter, cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:653–659.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crooks C, Card T, West J. Reductions in 28-day mortality following hospital admission for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:62–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reverter E, Tandon P, Augustin S et al. A MELD-based model to determine risk of mortality among patients with acute variceal bleeding. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:412–19.e3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Franchis R, Faculty Baveno VI. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2015;63:743–752.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Franchis R, Faculty Baveno VII. Baveno VII—renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022;76:959–974.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao JR, Wang GC, Hu JH, Zhang CQ. Risk factors for early rebleeding and mortality in acute variceal hemorrhage. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:17941–17948.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jindal A, Bhardwaj A, Kumar G et al. Clinical decompensation and outcomes in patients with compensated cirrhosis and a hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥20 mm Hg. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115:1624–1633.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lv Y, Yang Z, Liu L et al. Early TIPS with covered stents versus standard treatment for acute variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4:587–598.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hernández-Gea V, Procopet B, Giráldez Á et al. Preemptive-TIPS improves outcome in high-risk variceal bleeding: an observational study. Hepatology. 2019;69:282–293.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A et al. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2017;65:310–335.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simbrunner B, Marculescu R, Scheiner B et al. Non-invasive detection of portal hypertension by enhanced liver fibrosis score in patients with different aetiologies of advanced chronic liver disease. Liver Int. 2020;40:1713–1724.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu Q, Huang Y, Li X et al. An imaging-based artificial intelligence model for non-invasive grading of hepatic venous pressure gradient in cirrhotic portal hypertension. Cell Rep Med. 2022;3:100563.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Osada Y, Kanazawa H, Narahara Y, Mamiya Y, Nakatsuka K, Sakamoto C. Wedged hepatic venous pressure does not reflect portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic veno-venous communications. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53:7–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-007-0039-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferrusquía-Acosta J, Bassegoda O, Turco L et al. Agreement between wedged hepatic venous pressure and portal pressure in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2021;74:811–818.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nathanson V. Revising the Declaration of Helsinki. BMJ. 2013;346:f2837.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG et al. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. BMJ. 2015;350:g7594.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pradella P, Bonetto S, Turchetto S et al. Platelet production and destruction in liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2011;54:894–900.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tan L, Meng Y, Zeng T et al. Clinical diagnostic significance of prealbumin, cholinesterase and retinol binding protein in liver cirrhosis combined with encephalopathy. Br J Biomed Sci. 2019;76:24–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Qiu Y, He X et al. Platelet-to-white blood cell ratio: a novel and promising prognostic marker for HBV-associated decompensated cirrhosis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020;34:e23556.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sajja KC, Mohan DP, Rockey DC. Age and ethnicity in cirrhosis. J Investig Med. 2014;62:920–926.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bizzaro D, Becchetti C, Trapani S et al. Influence of sex in alcohol-related liver disease: pre-clie-clinical and clinical settings. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2023;11:218–227.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Smith A, Baumgartner K, Bositis C. Cirrhosis: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Phys. 2019;100:759–770.

Google Scholar 

Tan BG, Tang Z, Ou J et al. A novel model based on liver/spleen volumes and portal vein diameter on MRI to predict variceal bleeding in HBV cirrhosis. Eur Radiol. 2023;33:1378–1387.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bernardi M, Angeli P, Claria J et al. Albumin in decompensated cirrhosis: new concepts and perspectives. Gut. 2020;69:1127–1138.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Francoz C, Glotz D, Moreau R et al. The evaluation of renal function and disease in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010;52:605–613.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Colombato L. The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the management of portal hypertension. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41:S344–S351.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wettstein M, Lüthen R, Cohnen M et al. Transjugulärer intrahepatischer portosystemischer Stent-Shunt: Indikationen und Langzeitresultate [Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt: indications and long-term outcome]. Zentralbl Chir. 2005;130:246–249.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reback J, jbrockmendel, McKinney W et al. pandas-dev/pandas: Pandas 1.4.4 (v1.4.4). Zenodo. 2022.

Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A et al. Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python. J Mach Learn Res 2011;12:2825–2830. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1201.0490.

Article  Google Scholar 

Waskom ML. seaborn: statistical data visualization. J Open Source Softw 2021;6:3021. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03021.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alkharusi Hussain. Categorical variables in regression analysis: a comparison of dummy and effect coding. Int J Educ 2012;4:202–210.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cohen J, Cohen P, West SG et al. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 3rd edn. New York: Routledge; 2002.

Google Scholar 

Lin WC, Ke SW, Tsai CF. When should we ignore examples with missing values? Int. J. Data Warehous. Min. 2017;13:53–63.

Article  Google Scholar 

Romero-Cristóbal M, Clemente-Sánchez A, Ramón E et al. CT-derived liver and spleen volume accurately diagnose clinically significant portal hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep. 2022;5:100645.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hara K, Saito D ,Shouno H. Analysis of function of rectified linear unit used in deep learning. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Killarney, Ireland. 2015;1–8.