Dent E, Lien C, Lim WS, Wong WC, Wong CH, Ng TP, Woo J, Dong B, de la Vega S, Poi PJH, Kamaruzzaman SBB, Won C, Chen L, Rockwood K, Arai H, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Cao L, Cesari M, Chan P, Leung E, Landi F, Fried LP, Morley JE, Vellas B, Flickeret L. The Asia-pacific clinical practice guidelines for the management of frailty. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(7):564–75.
van de Ree CLP, Landers MJF, Kruithof N, de Munter L, Slaets JPJ, Gosens T, et al. Effect of frailty on quality of life in elderly patients after hip fracture: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(7): e025941.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Osaki T, Tatebe S, Orihara J, Uchinaka E, Ashida K, Hirooka Y, et al. Impact of frailty and sarcopenia on short- and long-term outcomes in elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. World J Surg. 2023;47(12):3250–61.
Gracie TJ, Caufield-Noll C, Wang N-Y, Sieber FE. The association of preoperative frailty and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2021;133(2):314–23.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen D, Ding Y, Zhu W, Fang T, Dong N, Yuan F, et al. Frailty is an independent risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary resections. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(4):819–26.
George EL, Hall DE, Youk A, Chen R, Kashikar A, Trickey AW, et al. Association between patient frailty and postoperative mortality across multiple noncardiac surgical specialties. JAMA Surg. 2021;156(1): e205152.
Gong S, Qian D, Riazi S, Chung F, Englesakis M, Li Q, et al. Association between the frail scale and postoperative complications in older surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2023;136(2):251–61.
Aldecoa C, Bettelli G, Bilotta F, Sanders RD, Aceto P, Audisio R, et al. Update of the european society of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium in adult patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2024;41(2):81–108.
Yan E, Veitch M, Saripella A, Alhamdah Y, Butris N, Tang-Wai DF, et al. Association between postoperative delirium and adverse outcomes in older surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2023;90: 111221.
Ehrlich A, Oh ES, Psoter KJ, Bettick D, Wang NY, Gearhart S, et al. Incidence of post-operative delirium increases as severity of frailty increases. Age Ageing. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afae168.
Bellelli G, Triolo F, Ferrara MC, Deiner SG, Morandi A, Cesari M, et al. Delirium and frailty in older adults: Clinical overlap and biological underpinnings. J Intern Med. 2024;296(5):382–98.
Gandossi CM, Zambon A, Ferrara MC, Tassistro E, Castoldi G, Colombo F, et al. Frailty and post-operative delirium influence on functional status in patients with hip fracture: the GIOG 2.0 study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2023;35(11):2499–506.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pedemonte JC, Sun H, Franco-Garcia E, Zhou C, Heng M, Quraishi SA, et al. Postoperative delirium mediates 180-day mortality in orthopaedic trauma patients. Br J Anaesth. 2021;127(1):102–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cui F, Zhao W, Mu D-L, Zhao X, Li X-Y, Wang D-X, et al. Association between cerebral desaturation and postoperative delirium in thoracotomy with one-lung ventilation: a prospective cohort study. Anesth Analg. 2021;133(1):176–86.
Li CJ, Wang BJ, Mu DL, Hu J, Guo C, Li XY, et al. Randomized clinical trial of intraoperative dexmedetomidine to prevent delirium in the elderly undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. Br J Surg. 2020;107(2):e123–32.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mu D-L, Zhang D-Z, Wang D-X, Wang G, Li C-J, Meng Z-T, et al. Parecoxib supplementation to morphine analgesia decreases incidence of delirium in elderly patients after hip or knee replacement surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2017;124(6):1992–2000.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Su X, Meng Z-T, Wu X-H, Cui F, Li H-L, Wang D-X, et al. Dexmedetomidine for prevention of delirium in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2016;388(10054):1893–902.
Li Y-W, Li H-J, Li H-J, Zhao B-J, Guo X-Y, Feng Y, et al. Delirium in older patients after combined epidural-general anesthesia or general anesthesia for major surgery: a randomized trial. Anesthesiology. 2021;135(2):218–32.
Zhang Y, He S-T, Nie B, Li X-Y, Wang D-X. Emergence delirium is associated with increased postoperative delirium in elderly: a prospective observational study. J Anesth. 2020;34(5):675–87.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Velanovich V, Antoine H, Swartz A, Peters D, Rubinfeld I. Accumulating deficits model of frailty and postoperative mortality and morbidity: its application to a national database. J Surg Res. 2013;183(1):104–10.
Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML, Vauthey JN, Dindo D, Schulick RD, et al. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009;250(2):187–96.
Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51(6):1173–82.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang Z. Monte Carlo based statistical power analysis for mediation models: methods and software. Behav Res Methods. 2014;46(4):1184–98.
Wilkes JG, Evans JL, Prato BS, Hess SA, MacGillivray DC, Fitzgerald TL. Frailty cost: economic impact of frailty in the elective surgical patient. J Am Coll Surg. 2019;228(6):861–70.
Han B, Li Q, Chen X. Frailty and postoperative complications in older Chinese adults undergoing major thoracic and abdominal surgery. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:947–57.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sandini M, Pinotti E, Persico I, Picone D, Bellelli G, Gianotti L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of frailty as a predictor of morbidity and mortality after major abdominal surgery. BJS open. 2017;1(5):128–37.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dhesi JK, Lees NP, Partridge JS. Frailty in the perioperative setting. Clin Med. 2019;19(6):485–9.
McIsaac DI, Wong CA, Huang A, Moloo H, Van Walraven C. Derivation and validation of a generalizable preoperative frailty index using population-based health administrative data. Ann Surg. 2019;270(1):102–8.
Handforth C, Clegg A, Young C, Simpkins S, Seymour MT, Selby PJ, et al. The prevalence and outcomes of frailty in older cancer patients: a systematic review. Annals of Oncology: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. 2015;26(6):1091–101.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
McIsaac DI, MacDonald DB, Aucoin SD. Frailty for perioperative clinicians: a narrative review. Anesth Analg. 2020;130(6):1450–60.
Shen Y, Hao Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang J, Dong B, et al. The association between preoperative modified frailty index and postoperative complications in Chinese elderly patients with hip fractures. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):370.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
van Kooten RT, Bahadoer RR, Peeters K, Hoeksema JHL, Steyerberg EW, Hartgrink HH, et al. Preoperative risk factors for major postoperative complications after complex gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2021;47(12):3049–58.
Comments (0)