Denning DW (2024) Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 24:e428–e438. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00692-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bays DJ, Jenkins EN, Lyman M, Chiller T, Strong N, Ostrosky-Zeichner L et al (2024) Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis. Clin Epidemiol 16:549–566. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S459600

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kullberg BJ, Arendrup MC (2015) Invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 8(373):1445–1456. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1315399

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research, development and public health action [Internet]. World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240060241

Lass-Flörl C, Kanj SS, Govender NP, Thompson GR, Ostrosky- Zeichner L, Govrins MA (2024) Invasive candidiasis. Nat Rev Dis Primer 21(10):20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-024-00503-3

Article  Google Scholar 

Buetti N, Tabah A, Loiodice A, Ruckly S, Aslan AT, Montrucchio G et al (2022) Different epidemiology of bloodstream infections in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 critically ill patients: a descriptive analysis of the Eurobact II study. Crit Care Lond Engl 18(26):319. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-022-04166-y

Article  Google Scholar 

Martin-Loeches I, Antonelli M, Cuenca-Estrella M, Dimopoulos G, Einav S, De Waele JJ et al (2019) ESICM/ESCMID task force on practical management of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 45:789–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05599-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Netea MG, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, Kullberg B-J, van de Veerdonk FL (2015) Immune defence against Candida fungal infections. Nat Rev Immunol 15:630–642. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3897

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bassetti M, Giacobbe DR, Agvald-Ohman C, Akova M, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arikan-Akdagli S et al (2024) Invasive fungal diseases in adult patients in intensive care unit (FUNDICU): 2024 consensus definitions from ESGCIP, EFISG, ESICM, ECMM, MSGERC, ISAC, and ISHAM. Intensive Care Med 50:502–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-024-07341-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clancy CJ, Nguyen MH (2018) Diagnosing invasive candidiasis. J Clin Microbiol 56:e01909-e1917. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01909-17

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rouzé A, Estella Á, Timsit J-F (2022) Is (1,3)-β-d-glucan useless to guide antifungal therapy in ICU? Intensive Care Med 48:930–932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06766-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cornely OA, Sprute R, Bassetti M, Chen SC-A, Groll AH, Kurzai O et al (2025) Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM. Lancet Infect Dis S1473309924007497. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00749-7

Garbez N, Mbatchi LC, Wallis SC, Muller L, Lipman J, Roberts JA et al (2022) Caspofungin population pharmacokinetic analysis in plasma and peritoneal fluid in septic patients with intra-abdominal infections: a prospective cohort study. Clin Pharmacokinet 61:673–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-021-01062-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bailly S, Gautier-Veyret E, Lê MP, Bouadma L, Andremont O, Neuville M et al (2020) Impact of loading dose of caspofungin in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment for severe candidiasis infections in patients in intensive care units: the CASPOLOAD study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 17(64):e01545-e1620. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01545-20

Article  Google Scholar 

Mokart D, Boutaba M, Servan L, Bertrand B, Baldesi O, Lefebvre L et al (2024) Empirical antifungal therapy for health care-associated intra-abdominal infection: a retrospective, multicentre and comparative study. Ann Intensive Care 25(14):98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-024-01333-y

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tritscher P, Delannoy M, Agrinier N, Charmillon A, Degand N, Dellamonica J et al (2022) Assessment of current practice for β-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring in French ICUs in 2021: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. J Antimicrob Chemother 30(77):2650–2657. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkac291

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

college des enseignants de medecine intensive reanimation. Démographie des réanimations françaises, enquête 2021 - État des lieux hors pandémie [Internet]. 2021;https://sofia.medicalistes.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/demographie_des_reanimations_francaises_enquete_2021._etat_des_lieux_hors_pandemie_cemir_.pdf

Annane D, Diehl J-L, Drault J-N, Farkas J-C, Gouello J-P, Fourrier F et al (2012) Démographie et structures des services de réanimation français (hors réanimation chirurgicale): état des lieux. Réanimation 21:540–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-013-0647-6

Article  Google Scholar 

Delannoy M, Agrinier N, Charmillon A, Degand N, Dellamonica J, Leone M et al (2019) Implementation of antibiotic stewardship programmes in French ICUs in 2018: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. J Antimicrob Chemother 1(74):2106–2114. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz113

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

León C, Ruiz-Santana S, Saavedra P, Almirante B, Nolla-Salas J, Alvarez-Lerma F et al (2006) A bedside scoring system (“Candida score”) for early antifungal treatment in nonneutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonization. Crit Care Med 34:730–737. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000202208.37364.7D

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dupont H, Bourichon A, Paugam-Burtz C, Mantz J, Desmonts J-M (2003) Can yeast isolation in peritoneal fluid be predicted in intensive care unit patients with peritonitis?*: Crit. Care Med 31:752–757. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000053525.49267.77

Article  Google Scholar 

Vena A, Bassetti M, Mezzogori L, Marchesi F, Hoenigl M, Giacobbe DR et al (2024) Laboratory and clinical management capacity for invasive fungal infections: the Italian landscape. Infection 52:197–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-023-02084-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernandes R, Sabino R, Cunha C, Cornely OA, Carvalho A, Salmanton-García J et al (2024) Multicentric study on the clinical mycology capacity and access to antifungal treatment in portugal. Mycopathologia 24(189):15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-024-00830-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Pathadka S, Yan VKC, Neoh CF, Al-Badriyeh D, Kong DCM, Slavin MA et al (2022) Global consumption trend of antifungal agents in humans from 2008 to 2018: Data From 65 middle- and high-income countries. Drugs 82:1193–1205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-022-01751-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Domingos EL, Vilhena RO, Santos JMMF, Fachi MM, Böger B, Adam LM et al (2022) Comparative efficacy and safety of systemic antifungal agents for candidemia: a systematic review with network meta-analysis and multicriteria acceptability analyses. Int J Antimicrob Agents 60:106614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106614

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, Clancy CJ, Marr KA, Ostrosky-Zeichner L et al (2016) Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 15(62):e1-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ933

Article  Google Scholar 

John J, Loo A, Mazur S, Walsh TJ (2019) Therapeutic drug monitoring of systemic antifungal agents: a pragmatic approach for adult and pediatric patients. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2(15):881–895. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425255.2019.1671971

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yazdanpanah S, Rahbarmah M, Motamedi M, Khodadadi H (2024) Evaluation of the performance of the dynamiker fungus (1–3)-β-D-Glucan and fungitell assay for diagnosis of candidemia: need for new cut-off development and test validation. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 108:116118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116118

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kritikos A, Caruana G, Poissy J, Mamin A, Bachmann D, Pagani JL et al (2023) Comparison of three β-Glucan tests for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in intensive care units. J Clin Microbiol 22(61):e0169122. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01691-22

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Azim A, Ahmed A (2024) Diagnosis and management of invasive fungal diseases in non-neutropenic ICU patients, with focus on candidiasis and aspergillosis: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 5(14):1256158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1256158

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Montravers P, Dupont H, Leone M, Constantin J-M, Mertes P-M, Laterre P-F et al (2015) Guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 34:117–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2015.03.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dupont H (2002) Predictive factors of mortality due to polymicrobial peritonitis with candida isolation in peritoneal fluid in critically ill patients. Arch Surg 1(137):1341. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.137.12.1341

Article