Bollschweiler E, Wolfgarten E, Gutschow C, et al. Demographic variations in the rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in white males. Cancer. 2001;92:549–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Statistic Austria https://www.statistik.at.

Lutz MP, Zalcberg JR, Ducreux M, et al. Highlights of the EORTC St. gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of gastric, gastroesophageal and oesophageal cancer—differential treatment strategies for subtypes of early gastroesophageal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:2941–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Glatz T, Marjanovic G, Zirlik K, Brunner T, Hopt UT, Makowiec F, Hoeppner J. Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer: Evolution of management and prognosis over the last 3 decades. Chirurg. 2015;86:662–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kjaer DW, Larsson H, Svendsen LB, Jensen LS. Changes in treatment and outcome of oesophageal cancer in Denmark between 2004 and 2013. Br J Surg. 2017;104:1338–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verstegen MHP, Bouwense SAW, van Workum F, Ten Broek R, Siersema PD, Rovers M, Rosman C. Management of intrathoracic and cervical anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review. World J Emerg Surg. 2019;4;14:17.

Article  Google Scholar 

de Groot EM, Bronzwaer SFC, Goense L, Kingma BF, van der Horst S, van den Berg JW, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R. Management of anastomotic leakage after robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy with an intrathoracic anastomosis. Dis Esophagus. 2023;27;36(6):doac94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Low DE, Alderson D, Cecconello I, Chang AC, Darling GE, D’Journo XB, Griffin SM, Hölscher AH, Hofstetter WL, Jobe BA, Kitagawa Y, Kucharczuk JC, Law SY, Lerut TE, Maynard N, Pera M, Peters JH, Pramesh CS, Reynolds JV, Smithers BM, van Lanschot JJ. International Consensus on Standardization of Data Collection for Complications Associated With Esophagectomy: Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG). Ann Surg. 2015;262(2):286–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schaible A, Schmidt T, Diener M, Hinz U, Sauer P, Wichmann D, Königsrainer A. Intrathoracic anastomotic leakage following esophageal and cardial resection : Definition and validation of a new severity grading classification. Chirurg. 2018;89(12):945–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maish MS, DeMeester SR, Choustoulakis E, Briel JW, Hagen JA, Peters JH, et al. The safety and usefulness of endoscopy for evaluation of the graft and anastomosis early after esophagectomy and reconstruction. Surg Endosc. 2005;19((8), S):1093–102.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nederlof N, de Jonge J, de Vringer T, Tran TCK, Spaander MCW, Tilanus HW, Wijnhoven BPL. Does Routine Endoscopy or Contrast Swallow Study After Esophagectomy and Gastric Tube Reconstruction Change Patient Management? J Gastrointest Surg. 2017;21(2):251–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page RD, Asmat A, McShane J, Russell GN, Pennefather SH. Routine endoscopy to detect anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;95(1):292–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Turner M, Baker N. Conduit Ischemia After Esophagectomy: A Spectrum of Clinical Manifestations, Prevention, and Management. Thorac Surg Clin. 2024;34(4):415–25.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pohl J, Borgulya M, Lorenz D, Ell C. Endoscopic closure of postoperative esophageal leaks with a novel over-the-scope clip system. Endoscopy. 2010;42((9), S):757–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma H, Wang J, Qinhua X, Dongtao S, Shiying Z, Haitao M, Jinfeng G. Analysis of Endoscopy Intervention in Postesophagectomy Anastomotic Leak: A Retrospective Study. Thorac cardiovasc Surg. 2019;67(7):597–602.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berlth F, Bludau M, Plum PS, Herbold T, Christ H, Alakus H, et al. Self-Expanding Metal Stents Versus Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy in Anastomotic Leak Treatment After Oncologic Gastroesophageal Surgery. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;23(1):67–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mandarino FV, Barchi A, Leone L, Fanti L, Azzolini F, Viale E, et al. Endoscopic vacuum therapy versus self-expandable metal stent for treatment of anastomotic leaks 〈 30 mm following oncologic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy: a matched case-control study. Surg Endosc. 2023;37((9), S):7039–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pattynama LMD, Eshuis WJ, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Bergman JJGHM, Pouw RE. Vacuum-stent: A combination of endoscopic vacuum therapy and an intraluminal stent for treatment of esophageal transmural defects. Front Surg. 2023;10, S:1145984.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lange J, Knievel J, Wichmann D, Kähler G, Wiedbrauck F, Hellmich T, et al. Clinical implantation of 92 VACStents in the upper gastrointestinal tract of 50 patients-applicability and safety analysis of an innovative endoscopic concept. Front Surg. 2023;10, S:1182094.

Article  Google Scholar 

Griffiths EA. Rates of Anastomotic Complications and Their Management Following Esophagectomy: Results of the Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Audit (OGAA). Ann Surg. 2022;275(2:E382–E91.

Google Scholar 

Ubels S, Lubbers M, Verstegen MHP, Bouwense SAW, Van Daele E, Ferri L, Gisbertz SS, Griffiths EA, Grimminger P, Hanna G, Hubka M, Law S, Low D, Luyer M, Merritt RE, Morse C, Mueller CL, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Nilsson M, Rosman C, et al. Treatment of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy: insights of an international case vignette survey and expert discussions. Dis Esophagus. 2022;35(12):1–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Duan X, Bai W, Ma Z, Yue J, Shang X, Jiang H, Yu Z. Management and outcomes of anastomotic leakage after McKeown esophagectomy: A retrospective analysis of 749 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer. Surg Oncol. 2020;34(June):304–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verstegen MHP, Bouwense SAW, Van Workum F, Ten Broek R, Siersema PD, Rovers M, Rosman C. Management of intrathoracic and cervical anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: A systematic review. World J Emerg Surg. 2019;14(1):1–12.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jones CE, Watson TJ. Anastomotic Leakage Following Esophagectomy. Thorac Surg Clin. 2015;25(4):449–59.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ubels S, Verstegen MHP, Rosman C, Reynolds JV. Anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: Risk factors and operative treatment. Ann Esophagus. 2021;3:1–12.

Google Scholar 

Ubels S, Verstegen MHP, Klarenbeek BR, Bouwense S, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Daams F, van Det MJ, Griffiths EA, Haveman JW, Heisterkamp J, Nieuwenhuijzen G, Polat F, Schouten J, Siersema PD, Singh P, Wijnhoven B, Hannink G, van Workum F, Rosman C, et al. Treatment of anastomotic leak after oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer: large, collaborative, observational TENTACLE cohort study. Br J Surg. 2023;110(7):852–63.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fabbi M, Hagens ERC, Van Berge Henegouwen MI, Gisbertz SS. Anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: Definitions, diagnostics, and treatment. Dis Esophagus. 2021;34(1):1–14.

Google Scholar 

Hauge T, Dretvik T, Johnson E, Mala T. Treatment of anastomotic leakage following Ivor Lewis esophagectomy—10 year experience from a Nordic center. Dis Esophagus. 2024;37(9):1–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tirnaksiz MB, Deschamps C, Allen MS, Johnson DC, Pairolero PC. Effectiveness of screening aqueous contrast swallow in detecting clinically significant anastomotic leaks after esophagectomy. Eur Surg Res. 2005;37:123–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Palmes D, Brüwer M, Bader FG, et al. Diagnostic evaluation, surgical technique, and perioperative management after esophagectomy: consensus statement of the German Advanced Surgical Treatment Study Group. Langenbecks Archsurg. 2011;396:857–66.

Article  Google Scholar 

Messager M, Warlaumont M, Renaud F, Marin H, Branche J, Piessen G, et al. Recent improvements in the management of esophageal anastomotic leak after surgery for cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43(2):258–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silber JH, Williams SV, Krakauer H, Schwartz JS. Hospital and patient characteristics associated with death after surgery. A study of adverse occurrence and failure to rescue. Med Care. 1992;30:615–29.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wells CI, Bhat S, Xu W, Varghese C, Keane C, Baraza W, O’Grady G, Harmston C. Bissett IP Variation in the definition of ‘failure to rescue’ from postoperative complications: a systematic review and recommendations for outcome reporting. Surgery. 2024;175(4):1103–10.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trébol J, Georgiev-Hristov T, Pascual-Miguelañez I, Guadalajara H, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Stem cell therapy applied for digestive anastomosis: Current state and future perspectives. World J Stem Cells. 2022;14(1):26.

Article  Google Scholar