Musculoskeletal tumors are considerably rare, with a predilection at the upper arm and shoulder. Neither a specific medical history nor typical blood parameter changes exist for most entities. In suspected bone tumors, a conventional X‑ray should be the primary imaging modality, which, in addition to morphological features, might provide information about the growth rate and dignity. Magnetic resonance imaging is of central importance for further diagnostics of bone and soft tissue tumors; computed tomography, however, is particularly important for the systemic staging and—in individual cases—completing local imaging, respectively. Biopsy as a key step in the diagnostic cascade should be performed at a specialized center and ideally the institution carrying out the final tumor resection. If a malignant musculoskeletal tumor has been diagnosed, local and systemic staging is performed to approximate patient’s prognosis and derive a specific treatment plan.