Allman D, Pillai S (2008) Peripheral B cell subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 20:149–157

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bennett JL, O’Connor KC, Bar-Or A, Zamvil SS, Hemmer B, Tedder TF, von Budingen HC, Stuve O, Yeaman MR, Smith TJ, Stadelmann C (2015) B lymphocytes in neuromyelitis Optica. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2:e104

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carsetti R, Rosado MM, Wardmann H (2004) Peripheral development of B cells in mouse and man. Immunol Rev 197:179–191

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cobaleda C, Jochum W, Busslinger M (2007) Conversion of mature B cells into T cells by dedifferentiation to uncommitted progenitors. Nature 449:473–477

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dai M, Huang C, Zhou M, Leong PY, Chen X (2025) Dual blys/april targeted therapy with telitacicept in rituximab-refractory SLE-associated neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder: a case report. Front Immunol 16:1602800

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ding J, Jiang X, Cai Y, Pan S, Deng Y, Gao M, Lin Y, Zhao N, Wang Z, Yu H, Qiu H, Jin Y, Xue J, Guo Q, Ni L, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Guan Y (2022) Telitacicept following plasma exchange in the treatment of subjects with recurrent neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders: A single-center, single-arm, open-label study. CNS Neurosci Ther 28(10):1613–1623

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fan Y, Gao D, Zhang Z (2022) Telitacicept, a novel humanized, Recombinant TACI-Fc fusion protein, for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Drugs Today (Barc) 58:23–32

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernandez Matilla M, Grau Garcia E, Fernandez-Llanio Comella N, Chalmeta Verdejo I, Ivorra Cortes J, Castellano Cuesta JA, Roman Ivorra JA (2019) Increased interferon-1alpha, interleukin-10 and BLyS concentrations as clinical activity biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. Med Clin (Barc) 153:225–231

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Graf J, Mares J, Barnett M, Aktas O, Albrecht P, Zamvil SS, Hartung HP (2020) Targeting B cells to modify MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD: Part 2. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 8(1):e919

Gupta K, Kesharwani A, Rua S, Singh SS, Siu C, Jank L, Smith MD, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P (2023) BAFF Blockade in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reduces inflammation in the meninges and synaptic and neuronal loss in adjacent brain regions. J Neuroinflammation 20(1):229

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huntington ND, Tomioka R, Clavarino C, Chow AM, Linares D, Mana P, Rossjohn J, Cachero TG, Qian F, Kalled SL et al (2006a) A BAFF antagonist suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Int Immunol 18:1473–1485

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huntington ND, Tomioka R, Clavarino C, Chow AM, Liñares D, Maña P, Rossjohn J, Cachero TG, Qian F, Kalled SL, Bernard CC, Reid HH (2006b) A BAFF antagonist suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Int Immunol 18(10):1473–1485

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jagessar SA, Heijmans N, Oh L, Bauer J, Blezer EL, Laman JD, Migone TS, Devalaraja MN (2012) T HarT BA. Antibodies againsT human BLyS and APRIL attenuate EAE developmenT in marmoseT monkeys. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 7(3):557–570

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, Levy M, Kim HJ, Wildemann B (2020) Neuromyelitis Optica. Nat Rev Dis Primers 6:85

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jung JS, Bhat RV, Preston GM, Guggino WB, Baraban JM, Agre P (1994) Molecular characterization of an Aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:13052–13056

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kaneko K, Sato DK, Nakashima I, Ogawa R, Akaishi T, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Takahashi T, Misu T, Kuroda H et al (2018) CSF cytokine profile in MOG-IgG + neurological disease is similar to AQP4-IgG + NMOSD but distinct from MS: a cross-sectional study and potential therapeutic implications. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 89:927–936

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kappos L, Hartung HP, Freedman MS, Boyko A, Radü EW, Mikol DD, Lamarine M, Hyvert Y, Freudensprung U, Plitz T, van Beek J, ATAMS Study Group (2014) Atacicept in multiple sclerosis (ATAMS): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol 13(4):353–363

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kretzschmar B, Hein K, Moinfar Z, Könnecke B, Sättler MB, Hess H, Weissert R, Bähr M (2014) Treatment with atacicept enhances neuronal cell death in a rat model of optic neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 268(1–2):58–63

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kumar G, Maria Z, Kohli U, Agasing A, Quinn JL, Ko RM, Zamvil SS, Axtell RC (2021) CNS autoimmune responses in BCMA-Deficient mice provide insight for the failure of atacicept in MS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 8(3):e973

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li F, Sui X, Pan X, Liu C, Xie L, Zhao H et al (2024) Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder with ultra-longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: A case report and literature review. Heliyon 10:e39687

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu W, Szalai A, Zhao L, Liu D, Martin F, Kimberly RP, Zhou T, Carter RH (2004) Control of spontaneous B lymphocyte autoimmunity with adenovirus-encoded soluble TACI. Arthritis Rheum 50:1884–1896

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luo J, Xie C, Zhang W, Cai Y, Ding J, Wang Y, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Guan Y (2020) Experimental mouse model of NMOSD produced by facilitated brain delivery of NMO-IgG by microbubble-enhanced low-frequency ultrasound in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mice. Mult Scler Relat Disord 46:102473

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsushita T, Yanaba K, Bouaziz JD, Fujimoto M, Tedder TF (2008) Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression. J Clin Invest 118(10):3420–3430

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nutt SL, Hodgkin PD, Tarlinton DM, Corcoran LM (2015) The generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. Nat Rev Immunol 15:160–171

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Connor BP, Raman VS, Erickson LD, Cook WJ, Weaver LK, Ahonen C, Lin LL, Mantchev GT, Bram RJ, Noelle RJ (2004) BCMA is essential for the survival of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. J Exp Med 199:91–98

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pridans C, Holmes ML, Polli M, Wettenhall JM, Dakic A, Corcoran LM, Smyth GK, Nutt SL (2008) Identification of Pax5 target genes in early B cell differentiation. J Immunol 180:1719–1728

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qin Q, Chang Y, Wang D, Wu Y, Zhang L-l, Wei W (2011) TACI-Ig induces immune balance of Th cells in MLN via BLyS/APRIL-receptors signaling in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 11:2167–2175

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramanujam M, Bethunaickan R, Huang W, Tao H, Madaio MP, Davidson A (2010) Selective Blockade of BAFF for the prevention and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis in NZM2410 mice. Arthritis Rheum 62:1457–1468

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schebesta A, McManus S, Salvagiotto G, Delogu A, Busslinger GA, Busslinger M (2007) Transcription factor Pax5 activates the chromatin of key genes involved in B cell signaling, adhesion, migration, and immune function. Immunity 27:49–63

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schweighoffer E, Tybulewicz VL (2021) BAFF signaling in health and disease. Curr Opin Immunol 71:124–131

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sergott RC, Bennett JL, Rieckmann P, Montalban X, Mikol D, Freudensprung U, Plitz T, van Beek J, ATON Trial Group (2015) ATON: results from a phase II randomized trial of the B-cell-targeting agent atacicept in patients with optic neuritis. J Neurol Sci 351(1–2):174–178

Article