Elledge, R., Mercuri, L. G., Attard, A., Green, J. & Speculand, B. Review of emerging temporomandibular joint total joint replacement systems. Br. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 57, 722–728 (2019).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mamidi, S. K. et al. Advancements in temporomandibular joint total joint replacements (TMJR). Biomed. Eng. Lett. 9, 169–179 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gauer, R. L. & Semidey, M. J. Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Am. Fam. Physician 91, 378–386 (2015).

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mercuri, L. A heuristic approach to the management of Muscle-related temporomandibular disorders. Fac. Dent. J. 4, 112–117 (2013).

Article  Google Scholar 

Ng, C. H., Lai, J. B., Victor, F. & Yeo, J. F. Temporomandibular articular disorders can be alleviated with surgery. Evid. Based Dent. 6, 48–50 (2005).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Imola, M. J. & Liddell, A. Temporomandibular joint reconstruction. Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg. 24, 336–342 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charnley, J. The classic: the bonding of prostheses to bone by cement. 1964. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 468, 3149–3159 (2010).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lexer, E. Substitution of whole or half joints from freshly amputated extremities by free plastic operation. Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 6, 601–607 (1908).

Google Scholar 

Gilles, H. D. Plastic Surgery of the Face (1920).

Kaban, L. B., Bouchard, C. & Troulis, M. J. A protocol for management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 67, 1966–1978 (2009).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perrott, D. H., Umeda, H. & Kaban, L. B. Costochondral graft construction/reconstruction of the ramus/condyle unit: long-term follow-up. Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 23, 321–328 (1994).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sekhoto, M. G., Rikhotso, R. E. & Rajendran, S. Management of unpredictable outcomes of costochondral grafts. Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. 62, 144–149 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wadde, K. R., Nadkarni, S. & Mathai, P. Long term complications of costochondral graft reconstruction in temporomandibular joint ankylosis of the young—a systematic review. J. Stomatol Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 124, 101437 (2023).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

MacIntosh, R. B. The use of autogenous tissues for temporomandibular joint reconstruction. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 58, 63–69 (2000).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Poswillo, D. E. Biological reconstruction of the mandibular condyle. Br. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 25, 100–104 (1987).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saeed, N. R. & Kent, J. N. A retrospective study of the costochondral graft in TMJ reconstruction. Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 32, 606–609 (2003).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Baek, R. M. & Song, Y. T. Overgrowth of a costochondral graft in reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Hand Surg. 40, 179–185 (2006).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guyuron, B. & Lasa, J. C. I. Unpredictable growth pattern of costochondral graft. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 90, 880–886 (1992).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Medra, A. M. Follow up of mandibular costochondral grafts after release of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joints. Br. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 43, 118–122 (2005).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang, S. et al. Overgrowth of costochondral grafts in craniomaxillofacial reconstruction: Rare complication and literature review. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 43, 803–812 (2015).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siavosh, S. & Ali, M. Overgrowth of a costochondral graft in a case of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 18, 1488–1491 (2007).

Article  Google Scholar 

Balaji, S. M. & Balaji, P. Overgrowth of costochondral graft in temporomandibular joint ankylosis reconstruction: a retrospective study. Indian J. Dent. Res. 28, 169–174 (2017).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Barrero, C. E. et al. Long-term outcomes and growth analysis of costochondral grafts for hemifacial microsomia: 24-year experience of a single surgeon. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 10, 1097 (2023).

Google Scholar 

Mittal, N., Goyal, M. & Sardana, D. Autogenous grafts for reconstruction arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 60, 1151–1158 (2022).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhardwaj, Y. & Arya, S. Post-ankylotic temporomandibular joint reconstruction using autogenous/alloplastic materials: our protocol and treatment outcomes in 22 patients. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 9, 284–293 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xia, L., He, Y., An, J., Chen, S. & Zhang, Y. Condyle-preserved arthroplasty versus costochondral grafting in paediatric temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a retrospective investigation. Int J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 48, 526–533 (2019).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Behnia, H., Motamedi, M. H. & Tehranchi, A. Use of activator appliances in pediatric patients treated with costochondral grafts for temporomandibular joint ankylosis: analysis of 13 cases. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 55, 1408–1416 (1997).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sharma, H., Chowdhury, S., Navaneetham, A., Upadhyay, S. & Alam, S. Costochondral graft as interpositional material for TMJ ankylosis in children: a clinical study. J. Maxillofac. Oral. Surg. 14, 565–572 (2015).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao, J. et al. 3-D computed tomography measurement of mandibular growth after costochondral grafting in growing children with temporomandibular joint ankylosis and jaw deformity. Oral. Surg. Oral. Med Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radio. 124, 333–338 (2017).

Article  Google Scholar 

Feinberg, S. E. & Larsen, P. E. The use of a pedicled temporalis muscle-pericranial flap for replacement of the TMJ disc: preliminary report. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 47, 142–146 (1989).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lakshmanan, S. et al. Can costochondral grafts fulfil ramus-condyle unit reconstruction goals in children with temporomandibular joint ankylosis? Br. J. oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 59, 184–190 (2021).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Matsuura, H. et al. The effect of autogenous costochondral grafts on temporomandibular joint fibrous and bony ankylosis: a preliminary experimental study. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 664, 1517–1525 (2006).

Article  Google Scholar 

Mao, Y. et al. Biomechanical analysis of costochondral graft fracture in temporomandibular joint replacement. Sci. Rep. 10, 17754 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

El-Sayed, M. K. Temporomandibular joint reconstruction with costochondral graft using modified approach. Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 37, 897–902 (2008).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Troulis, M. J., Williams, W. B. & Kaban, L. B. Endoscopic mandibular condylectomy and reconstruction: early clinical results. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 62, 460–465 (2004).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Youmans, R. D. & Russell, E. A. Jr The coronoid process: a new donor source for autogenous bone grafts. Oral. Surg. Oral. Med Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radio. Endod. 27, 422–428 (1969).

Article