Pilz S, Grübler MR, Theiler-Schwetz V, Malle O, Trummer C. The unrecognized prevalence of primary aldosteronism. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173:681–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Funder JW, Carey RM, Mantero F, Murad MH, Reincke M, Shibata H, et al. The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and treatment: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:1889–916.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tetti M, Brüdgam D, Burrello J, Udager AM, Riester A, Knösel T, et al. Unilateral primary aldosteronism: long-term disease recurrence after adrenalectomy. Hypertension. 2024;81:936–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang F, Loh LM, Foo RS, Loh WJ, Lim DST, Zhang M, et al. Tolerability and efficacy of long-term medical therapy in primary aldosteronism. J Endocr Soc. 2021;5:bvab144.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hundemer GL, Leung AA, Kline GA, Brown JM, Turcu AF, Vaidya A. Biomarkers to guide medical therapy in primary aldosteronism. Endocr Rev. 2024;45:69–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fowler AM, Burda JF, Kim SK. Adrenal artery embolization: anatomy, indications, and technical considerations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;201:190–201.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hokotate H, Inoue H, Baba Y, Tsuchimochi S, Nakajo M. Aldosteronomas: experience with superselective adrenal arterial embolization in 33 cases. Radiology. 2003;227:401–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dong H, Zou Y, He J, Deng Y, Chen Y, Song L, et al. Superselective adrenal arterial embolization for idiopathic hyperaldosteronism: 12-month results from a proof-of-principle trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2021:976–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.29554.

Zhang H, Li Q, Liu X, Zhao Z, He H, Sun F, et al. Adrenal artery ablation for primary aldosteronism without apparent aldosteronoma: an efficacy and safety, proof-of-principle trial. J Clin Hypertens. 2020;22:1618–26.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhou Y, Wang X, Hou J, Wan J, Yang Y, Liu S, et al. A controlled trial of percutaneous adrenal arterial embolization for hypertension in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:311–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Yin Y, Lu C, Lu Z, Hu J, Wang Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of sympathetic mapping and ablation of renal nerves for the treatment of hypertension (SMART): 6-month follow-up of a randomised, controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;72:102626.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rossi GP, Maiolino G, Seccia TM. Adrenal venous sampling: where do we stand? Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019;48:843–58.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Wan J, Liu S, Luo T, et al. Adrenal ablation versus mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism for the treatment of primary aldosteronism: a single-center prospective cohort study. Am J Hypertens. 2022;35:1014–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bornstein SR, Allolio B, Arlt W, Barthel A, Don-Wauchope A, Hammer GD, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:364–89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alpert B, McCrindle B, Daniels S, Dennison B, Hayman L, Jacobson M, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in human and experimental animals; part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans. Hypertension. 2006;48:e3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

JCS Joint Working Group. Guidelines for the clinical use of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) (JCS 2010). Circ J. 2012;76:508–19.

Article  Google Scholar 

Park SS, Ahn CH, Kim SW, Koh JM, Lee SH, Kim JH. Temporal trends in clinical features of patients with primary aldosteronism over 20 years. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2019–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Samnani S, Cenzer I, Kline GA, Lee SJ, Hundemer GL, McClurg C, et al. Time to benefit of surgery vs targeted medical therapy for patients with primary aldosteronism: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024;109:e1280–89.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meng Z, Dai Z, Huang K, Xu C, Zhang YG, Zheng H, et al. Long-term mortality for patients of primary aldosteronism compared with essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:121.

Article  Google Scholar 

Inoue K, Naito T, Fuji R, Sonehara K, Yamamoto K, Baba R, et al. Primary aldosteronism and risk of cardiovascular outcomes: genome-wide association and mendelian randomization study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13:e034180.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu YC, Liu KL, Wu VC, Wang SM, Lin YH, Chueh SJ, et al. Unilateral adrenalectomy in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia with primary aldosteronism. J Formos Med Assoc. 2023;122:393–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Williams TA, Gong S, Tsurutani Y, Tezuka Y, Thuzar M, Burrello J, et al. Adrenal surgery for bilateral primary aldosteronism: an international retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10:769–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Szabo YT, Shariq OA, Foster TR, Lyden ML, Dy BM, Young WF Jr., et al. Unilateral adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal disease can result in resolution of hypokalemia and amelioration of hypertension. World J Surg. 2023;47:314–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pinto D, Parameswaran R. Adrenal insufficiency post unilateral adrenalectomy in non-cortisol secreting tumours. Gland Surg. 2023;12:1328–31.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Verma S, Pandey A, Pandey AK, Butler J, Lee JS, Teoh H, et al. Aldosterone and aldosterone synthase inhibitors in cardiorenal disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2024;326:H670–h688.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mulatero P, Wuerzner G, Groessl M, Sconfienza E, Damianaki A, Forestiero V, et al. Safety and efficacy of once-daily dexfadrostat phosphate in patients with primary aldosteronism: a randomised, parallel group, multicentre, phase 2 trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;71:102576.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Inoue H, Nakajo M, Miyazono N, Kanetsuki I, Miyake S, Hokotate H, et al. Treatment of aldosteronoma with superselective intraarterial injection of absolute ethanol. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi. 1994;54:154–62.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kometani M, Yoneda T, Demura M, Karashima S, Mori S, Oe M, et al. The long-term effect of adrenal arterial embolization for unilateral primary aldosteronism on cardiorenovascular protection, blood pressure, and the endocrinological profile. Intern Med. 2016;55:769–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar