Abiakam NS (2023) Detecting early signs of skin damage using non-invasive biophysical parameters. University of Southampton

Ackermann L, Harvima I (1998) Mast cells of psoriatic and atopic dermatitis skin are positive for TNF-α and their degranulation is associated with expression of ICAM-1 in the epidermis. Arch Dermatol Res 290:353–359

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Afshari M, Kolackova M, Rosecka M, Čelakovská J, Krejsek J (2024) Unraveling the skin; a comprehensive review of atopic dermatitis, current understanding, and approaches. Front Immunol 15:1361005

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Agrawal R, Woodfolk JA (2014) Skin barrier defects in atopic dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 14:1–11

CAS  Google Scholar 

Ahn YM, Shin S, Jang J-H, Jung J (2023) Bojungikgi-tang improves skin barrier function and immune response in atopic dermatitis mice fed a low aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand diet. Chin Med 18:100

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Akdiş M (2009) Mechanisms of allergic inflammation. Güncel Pediatri 7:24–30

Akkoc T, de Koning PJ, Rückert B, Barlan I, Akdis M, Akdis CA (2008) Increased activation-induced cell death of high IFN-γ–producing TH1 cells as a mechanism of TH2 predominance in atopic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 121:652-658.e1

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alyoussef A (2018) Blocking TGF-β type 1 receptor partially reversed skin tissue damage in experimentally induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Cytokine 106:45–53

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anderson ZT (2021) The pathomechanistic role of neuropeptide Y in the skin: overexpression of NPY induces chronic inflammation and skin pathology. The University of Alabama, Birmingham

Anderson ZT, Dawson AD, Slominski AT, Harris ML (2022) Current insights into the role of neuropeptide Y in skin physiology and pathology. Front Endocrinol 13:838434

Google Scholar 

Arndt J, Smith N, Tausk F (2008) Stress and atopic dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 8:312–317

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Atmakuri S, Nene S, Jain H, Joga R, Devabattula G, Godugu C, Srivastava S (2023) Topical delivery of tofacitinib citrate loaded novel nanoemulgel for the management of 2, 4-dichlorodinitrobenzene induced atopic dermatitis in mice model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 80:104145

CAS  Google Scholar 

Au S, Levin A, Gottlieb A (2014) Auto-Immunity & Inflammation Psoriasis drug failure rates of biologics compared to conventional systemic therapies

Back SK, Jeong K-Y, Li C, Lee J, Lee S-B, Na HS (2012) Chronically relapsing pruritic dermatitis in the rats treated as neonate with capsaicin; a potential rat model of human atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 67:111–119

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beck LA, Cork MJ, Amagai M, de Benedetto A, Kabashima K, Hamilton JD, Rossi AB (2022) Type 2 inflammation contributes to skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis. JID Innov 2:100131

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Berdyshev E, Goleva E, Bronova I, Dyjack N, Rios C, Jung J, Taylor P, Jeong M, Hall CF, Richers BN (2018) Lipid abnormalities in atopic skin are driven by type 2 cytokines. JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.98006

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bertino L, Guarneri F, Cannavò SP, Casciaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S (2020) Oxidative stress and atopic dermatitis. Antioxidants 9:196

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bieber T (2022) Atopic dermatitis: an expanding therapeutic pipeline for a complex disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 21:21–40

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bin L, Leung DY (2016) Genetic and epigenetic studies of atopic dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 12:1–14

Google Scholar 

Bissonnette R, Pavel AB, Diaz A, Werth JL, Zang C, Vranic I, Purohit VS, Zielinski MA, Vlahos B, Estrada YD (2019) Crisaborole and atopic dermatitis skin biomarkers: an intrapatient randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 144:1274–1289

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blunder S, Rühl R, Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Krimmel C, Geisler A, Zhu H, Crumrine D, Elias PM, Gruber R, Schmuth M (2017) Alterations in epidermal eicosanoid metabolism contribute to inflammation and impaired late differentiation in FLG-mutated atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 137:706–715

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borkowski AW (2014) The pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 3 regulates skin barrier homeostasis. University of California, San Diego

Borkowski AW, Park K, Uchida Y, Gallo RL (2013) Activation of TLR3 in keratinocytes increases expression of genes involved in formation of the epidermis, lipid accumulation, and epidermal organelles. J Invest Dermatol 133:2031–2040

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brandt EB, Sivaprasad U (2011) Th2 cytokines and atopic dermatitis. J Clin Cell Immunol 2:110

Butala S, Paller AS (2022) Optimizing topical management of atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 128:488–504

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cameron S, Donnelly A, Broderick C, Arichi T, Bartsch U, Dazzan P, Elberling J, Godfrey E, Gringras P, Heathcote LC (2024) Mind and skin: exploring the links between inflammation, sleep disturbance and neurocognitive function in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergy 79:26–36

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carson CG, Rasmussen MA, Thyssen JP, Menné T, Bisgaard H (2012) Clinical presentation of atopic dermatitis by filaggrin gene mutation status during the first 7 years of life in a prospective cohort study. PLoS ONE 7:e48678

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chalayer E, Gramont B, Zekre F, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Waeckel L, Grange L, Paul S, Chung AW, Killian M (2022) Fc receptors gone wrong: a comprehensive review of their roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmun Rev 21:103016

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen H, Zhang J, He Y, Lv Z, Liang Z, Chen J, Li P, Liu J, Yang H, Tao A (2022a) Exploring the role of Staphylococcus aureus in inflammatory diseases. Toxins 14:464

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen L, Lin S-X, Agha-Majzoub R, Overbergh L, Mathieu C, Chan LS (2006) CCL27 is a critical factor for the development of atopic dermatitis in the keratin-14 IL-4 transgenic mouse model. Int Immunol 18:1233–1242

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen L, Martinez O, Overbergh L, Mathieu C, Prabhakar B, Chan L (2004) Early up-regulation of Th2 cytokines and late surge of Th1 cytokines in an atopic dermatitis model. Clin Exp Immunol 138:375–387

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen M, Wang R, Wang T (2024a) Gut microbiota and skin pathologies: mechanism of the gut-skin axis in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 141:112658

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen S, Li C, Tu Z, Cai T, Zhang X, Wang L, Tian R, Huang J, Gong Y, Yang X (2024b) Off-label use of Baricitinib improves moderate and severe atopic dermatitis in China through inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway via targeting JAK-STAT signaling of CD4+ cells. Front Pharmacol 15:1324892

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen W-C, Liu Y-B, Liu W-F, Zhou Y-Y, He H-F, Lin S (2020) Neuropeptide Y is an immunomodulatory factor: direct and indirect. Front Immunol 11:580378

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen W-Y, Chen S-C, Hsu S-Y, Lin Y-A, Shih C-M, Huang C-Y, Wang K-H, Lee A-W (2022b) Annoying psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: a narrative review. Int J Mol Sci 23:4898

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Xian Y-F, Loo S, Chan WY, Liu L, Lin Z-X (2021) Anti-atopic dermatitis effects of dictamni cortex: studies on in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Phytomedicine 82:153453

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Z-F (2021) A neuropeptide code for itch. Nat Rev Neurosci 22:758–776

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chieosilapatham P, Kiatsurayanon C, Umehara Y, Trujillo-Paez J, Peng G, Yue H, Nguyen L, Niyonsaba F (2021) Keratinocytes: innate immune cells in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 204:296–309

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cho HR, Uhm YK, Kim HJ, Ban JY, Chung JH, Yim SV, Choi BK, Lee MH (2011) Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphism is associated with atopic dermatitis susceptibility in a Korean population. Int J Immunogenet 38:145–150

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi JH, Lee GH, Jin SW, Kim JY, Hwang YP, Han EH, Kim YH, Jeong HG (2021) Impressic acid ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by inhibiting ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT1. Int J Mol Sci 22:2334

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choi W, Lee HP, Manilack P, Saysavanh V, Lee B-H, Lee S, Kim E, Cho JY (2023) Antiallergic effects of Callerya atropurpurea extract in vitro and in an in vivo atopic dermatitis model. Plants 12:860

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central