Gilman SE, Cochran SD, Mays VM et al (2001) Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National comorbidity survey. Am J Public Health 91:933–939. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.91.6.933

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Operario D, Gamarel KE, Grin BM et al (2015) Sexual minority health disparities in adult men and women in the United States: national health and nutrition examination survey, 2001–2010. Am J Public Health 105:e27–e34. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302762

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hatzenbuehler ML (2009) How does sexual minority stigma get under the skin? A psychological mediation framework. Psychol Bull 135:707–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016441

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gross JJ (1998) The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Rev Gen Psychol 2:271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271

Article  Google Scholar 

Aldao A, Gee DG, De Los Reyes A, Seager I (2016) Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: current and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 28:927–946. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416000638

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brooks VR (1981) Minority stress and lesbian women. Free Press

Meyer IH (2003) Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull 129:674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aldao A, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Schweizer S (2010) Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 30:217–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cardona ND, Madigan RJ, Sauer-Zavala S (2022) How minority stress becomes traumatic invalidation: an emotion-focused conceptualization of minority stress in sexual and gender minority people. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 29:185–195. https://doi.org/10.1037/cps0000054

Article  Google Scholar 

Stettler NM, Katz LF (2017) Minority stress, emotion regulation, and the parenting of sexual-minority youth. J GLBT Fam Stud 13:380–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2016.1268551

Hatzenbuehler ML, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Dovidio J (2009) How does stigma get under the skin? The mediating role of emotion regulation. Psychol Sci 20:1282–1289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02441.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

English D, Rendina HJ, Parsons JT (2018) The effects of intersecting stigma: a longitudinal examination of minority stress, mental health, and substance use among Black, Latino, and multiracial gay and bisexual men. Psychol Violence 8:669–679. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000218

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rendina HJ, Gamarel KE, Pachankis JE et al (2016) Extending the minority stress model to incorporate HIV-positive gay and bisexual men’s experiences: a longitudinal examination of mental health and sexual risk behavior. Ann Behav Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9822-8

Article  Google Scholar 

Charak R, Villarreal L, Schmitz RM et al (2019) Patterns of childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence, emotion dysregulation, and mental health symptoms among lesbian, gay, and bisexual emerging adults: a three-step latent class approach. Child Abuse Negl 89:99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keating L, Muller RT (2020) LGBTQ + based discrimination is associated with PTSD symptoms, dissociation, emotion dysregulation, and attachment insecurity among LGBTQ + adults who have experienced trauma. J Trauma Dissociation Off J Int Soc Study Dissociation ISSD 21:124–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2019.1675222

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang K, Rendina HJ, Pachankis JE (2016) Looking on the bright side of stigma: how stress-related growth facilitates adaptive coping among gay and bisexual men. J Gay Lesbian Ment Health 20(4):363–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2016.1175396

Fitzpatrick S, Dworkin ER, Zimmerman L et al (2020) Stressors and drinking in sexual minority women: the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers 7:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000351

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rogers AH, Seager I, Haines N et al (2017) The indirect effect of emotion regulation on minority stress and problematic substance use in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Front Psychol 8:1881. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01881

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pachankis JE, Rendina HJ, Restar A et al (2015) A minority stress—emotion regulation model of sexual compulsivity among highly sexually active gay and bisexual men. Health Psychol 34:829–840. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000180

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan RCH, Mak WWS (2019) Cognitive, regulatory, and interpersonal mechanisms of HIV stigma on the mental and social health of men who have sex with men living with HIV. Am J Mens Health 13:1557988319873778. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988319873778

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fraser G, Wilson MS, Garisch JA et al (2018) Non-suicidal self-injury, sexuality concerns, and emotion regulation among sexually diverse adolescents: A multiple mediation analysis. Arch Suicide Res 22:432–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2017.1358224

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mason TB, Lewis RJ (2015) Minority stress and binge eating among lesbian and bisexual women. J Homosex 62:971–992. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2015.1008285

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gratz KL, Roemer L (2004) Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 26:41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94

Article  Google Scholar 

Chang CJ, Fehling KB, Selby EA (2020) Sexual minority status and psychological risk for suicide attempt: a serial multiple mediation model of social support and emotion regulation. Front Psychiatry 11:385. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00385

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Donahue JM, DeBenedetto AM, Wierenga CE et al (2020) Examining day hospital treatment outcomes for sexual minority patients with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23362

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gillikin LM, Manasse SM, van Seager I (2021) An examination of emotion regulation as a mechanism underlying eating disorder pathology in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Eat Behav 41:101508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101508

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kirsch AC, Conley CS, Riley TJ (2015) Comparing psychosocial adjustment across the college transition in a matched heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual sample. J Coll Stud Dev 56:155–169. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0017

Article  Google Scholar 

Hatzenbuehler ML, McLaughlin KA, Nolen-Hoeksema S (2008) Emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal study of sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49:1270–1278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01924.x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gardella JM, Parnes MF, Hirst W, Brown AD (2021) Knowledge of chosen family history and depressive symptoms in sexual minority women. Front Psychol 12:624641. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624641

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Honkalampi K, Hintikka J, Tanskanen A et al (2000) Depression is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population. J Psychosom Res 48:99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(99)00083-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karukivi M, Hautala L, Kaleva O et al (2010) Alexithymia is associated with anxiety among adolescents. J Affect Disord 125:383–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.126

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singh D, Singh DC (2014) Comparison of level of alexithymia in individuals with different sexual orientation. Glob J Hum-Soc Sci Res 14:1–6

Krueger EA, Fish JN, Hammack PL et al (2020) Comparing national probability and community-based samples of sexual minority adults: implications and recommendations for sampling and measurement. Arch Sex Behav 49:1463–1475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01724-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meyer IH, Wilson PA (2009) Sampling lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. J Couns Psychol 56:23–31. http