Teeter W, Haase D. Updates in traumatic cardiac arrest. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2020;38(4):891–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2020.06.009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kitamura T, Iwami T, Kawamura T, et al. Conventional and chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375(9723):1347–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60064-5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Atkins DL, Berger S, Duff JP, et al. Pediatrics. 2015;136(Suppl 2):167–75. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3373E. Part 11: Pediatric Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (Reprint).

Buschmann C, Schulz T, Tsokos M, et al. Emergency medicine techniques and the forensic autopsy. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2013;9:48–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-012-9366-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Girotti P, Mauri F, Botteri E, et al. Heart injuries related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a risk often overlooked. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022;23:61. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2302061.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu M, Lu Q, Shang Z, et al. Mechanical chest compression with LUCAS device does not improve clinical outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med (Baltim). 2019;98:e17550. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017550.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hashimoto Y, Moriya F, Furumiya J. Forensic aspects of complications resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.11.008. 9:94– 9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karasek J, Novak M, Raboch J, et al. Trauma associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on autopsy reports after the 2015 ERC guidelines. Am J Emerg Med. 2022;61:81–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2022.08.034.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Righi FA, Jenkins S, Lin PT. Nonskeletal injuries related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an autopsy study. J Forensic Sci. 2021;66:2299–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14791.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kouwenhoven WB, Jude JR, Knickerbocker GG. Closed-chest cardiac massage. JAMA. 1960;173:1064–7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1960.03020280004002.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hellevuo H, Sainio M, Nevalainen R, et al. Deeper chest compression - more complications for cardiac arrest patients? Resuscitation. 2013;84:760–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.02.015.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Neumar RW, Shuster M, Callaway CW, et al. Part 1: executive summary: 2015 American heart association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2015;132:S315–67. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000252.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perkins GD, Graesner JT, Semeraro F, et al. European resuscitation Council guidelines 2021: executive summary. Resuscitation. 2021;161:1–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deliliga A, Papalambros E, Koulas S, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) complications encountered in forensic autopsy cases. BMC Emerg Med. 2019;19:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-019-0234-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoke RS, Chamberlain D. Skeletal chest injuries secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2004;63:327–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.05.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baubin M, Foidl E, Hornung R, et al. Increased frequency of thorax injuries with ACD-CPR. Resuscitation. 1999;41:33–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(99)00033-7

Black CJ, Busuttil A, Robertson C. Chest wall injuries following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2004;63:339–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.07.005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beom JH, You JS, Lee HS, et al. Investigation of complications secondary to chest compressions before and after the 2010 cardiopulmonary resuscitation guideline changes by using multi-detector computed tomography: a retrospective study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017;25:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-017-0352-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kralj E, Podbregar M, Kejžar N, et al. Frequency and number of resuscitation related rib and sternum fractures are higher than generally considered. Resuscitation. 2015;93:136–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.034.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moriguchi S, Miyaishi S, Ishikawa T. Aging is only significant factor causing CPR-induced injuries and serious injuries. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021;48:101828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101828.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seung MK, Song KJ, Ryoo SM, et al. Comparison of complications secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2016;98:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.11.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, et al. The clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2022;33:2049–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kelsey JL. Risk factors for osteoporosis and associated fractures. Public Health Rep. 1989;104:14–20.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Management of osteoporosis in. Postmenopausal women: the 2021 position statement of the North American menopause society. Menopause. 2021;28:973–97. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001831.

Article  Google Scholar 

Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, et al. Effects of weight and body mass index on bone mineral density in men and women: the Framingham study. J Bone Min Res. 1993;8:567–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650080507.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Reid IR. Relationships among body mass, its components, and bone. Bone. 2002;31:547–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00864-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cao JJ. Effects of obesity on bone metabolism. J Orthop Surg Res. 2011;6:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-799X-6-30.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pinar-Gutierrez A, Martinez-Amat A, Aibar-Almazan A, et al. Obesity and bone health: A complex relationship. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:8795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158303.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Deliliga A, Chatzinikolaou F, Koutsoukis D, Chrysovergis I, Voultsos P. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) complications encountered in forensic autopsy cases. BMC Emerg Med. 2019;19(1):23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-019-0234-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

García-Vilana S, Kumar V, Kumar S, et al. Study of risk factors for injuries due to cardiopulmonary resuscitation with special focus on the role of the heart: A machine learning analysis of a prospective registry with multiple sources of information (ReCaPTa Study). Resusc Plus. 2024;17:100559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100559.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kronick SL, Kurz MC, Lin S, et al. Circulation. 2015;132(18 Suppl 2):397–413. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000258. Part 4: Systems of Care and Continuous Quality Improvement: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.