Mwalili MJJ, Chhetri MBP, Kubo MY, Ueda MT. (1998) Issues concerning prosecution in relation to conviction, speedy trial and sentencing. Annual Report for 1997 and Resource Material Series No. 53: 348.

Sheppard K, Fieldhouse SJ, Cassella JP. Experiences of evidence presentation in court: an insight into the practice of crime scene examiners in England, Wales and Australia. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2020;10:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-020-00184-5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Graham Farrell, Robert T. Tipping, Vivienne Farrell, and Clinton J. Woodward. (2013)Trial by tablet: user evaluation of the digital courtroom. In: Proceedings of the 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference: Augmentation, Application,Innovation, Collaboration (OzCHI ‘13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 325–328. https://doi.org/10.1145/2541016.2541068.

Shuaib M, Haleem A, Kumar S, Javaid M. Impact of 3D printing on the environment: A literature-based study. Sustain Oper Comput. 2021;2:57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2021.04.001.

Article  Google Scholar 

Baier W, Warnett JM, Payne M, Williams MA. Introducing 3D printed models as demonstrative evidence at criminal trials. J Forensic Sci. 2018;63(4):1298–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13700.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lim KHA, Loo ZY, Goldie SJ, Adams JW, McMenamin PG. Use of 3D printed models in medical education: A randomized control trial comparing 3D prints versus cadaveric materials for learning external cardiac anatomy. Anat Sci Educ. 2016;9(3):213–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1573.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebert LC, Thali MJ, Ross S. Getting in touch—3D printing in forensic imaging. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;211(1–3):e1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.04.022.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carew RM, Errickson D. An overview of 3D printing in forensic science: the tangible third-dimension. J Forensic Sci. 2020;65(5):1752–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14442.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jani G, Johnson A, Marques J, Franco A. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in forensic science–An emerging technology in India. Ann 3D Print Med. 2021;1:100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ravi P, Lawera N, Giannopoulos AA, Pietila T, Rybicki FJ. Image processing, including software considerations for medical 3D printing. 3D printing at hospitals and medical centers: A practical guide for medical professionals. Cham: Springer; 2024. pp. 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42851-7_2. International Publishing.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Okamoto T, Ura S. Verifying the accuracy of 3D-Printed objects using an image processing system. J Manuf Mater Process. 2024;8(3):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8030094.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dawood A, Marti BM, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A. 3D printing in dentistry. Br Dent J. 2015;219(11):521–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.914.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prakash KS, Nancharaih T, Rao VS. Additive manufacturing techniques in manufacturing-. Overv Mater Today. 2018;5(2):3873–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.642.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Carew RM, Morgan RM, Rando C. A preliminary investigation into the accuracy of 3D modeling and 3D printing in forensic anthropology evidence reconstruction. J Forensic Sci. 2019;64(2):342–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13917.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson A, Jani G, Carew R, Pandey A. Assessment of the accuracy of 3D printed teeth by various 3D printers in forensic odontology. Forensic Sci Int. 2021;328:111044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111044.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eyre M, Foster P, Speake G, Coggan J. Integration of laser scanning and three-dimensional models in the legal process following an industrial accident. Saf Health Work. 2017;8(3):306–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.11.005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jaquet-Chiffelle DO, Casey E, Pollitt M, Gladyshev P. (2018) A framework for harmonizing forensic science practices and digital/multimedia evidence (0002). OSAC/NIST. https://doi.org/10.29325/OSAC.TS.0002

Chase RJ, LaPorte G. The next generation of crime tools and challenges: 3D printing. Nat Inst Justice J. 2018;279:49–57.

Google Scholar 

Buck, Buck U, Albertini N, Naether S, Thali MJ et al. (2007) 3D documentation of footwear impressions and tyre tracks in snow with high resolution optical surface scanning. Forensic Sci Int 171(2–3):157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.11.001

Gamage, Gamage RE, Joshi A, Zheng JY, Tuceryan M et al. (2013) A 3D Impression Acquisition System for Forensic Applications. In: Jiang, X., Bellon, O.R.P., Goldgof, D., Oishi, T, eds. Advances in Depth Image Analysis and Applications. WDIA 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7854. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, p 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40303-3_2

Baier W, Norman DG, Warnett JM, Payne M, Harrison NP, Hunt NC, Williams MA. Novel application of three-dimensional technologies in a case of dismemberment. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;270:139–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.11.040.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Woźniak K, Rzepecka-Woźniak E, Moskała A, Pohl J, Latacz K, Dybała B. Weapon identification using ante mortem computed tomography with virtual 3D and rapid prototype modeling—A report in a case of blunt force head injury. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;222(1–3):e29–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.06.012.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Friedman SN, Nguyen N, Nelson AJ, Granton PV, MacDonald DB, Hibbert R, Cunningham IA. Computed tomography (CT) bone segmentation of an ancient Egyptian mummy a comparison of automated and semi-automated threshold and dual-energy techniques. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2012;36(5):616–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e31826739f5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koslow T. (2016) Wessex Archaeology 3D Scans and Prints Two Shipwrecks from Underwater Archaeological Sites in UK. 3D Print. https://3dprint.com/135652/wessex-archaeology-shipwreck/. Accessed 11 Jan 2024.

Dhumale SR, Barraclough TW, Stokes A, Lam W. Producing 3D printed hand models for anatomy education using cadaveric dissection: a feasibility study. Bull R Coll Surg Engl. 2018;100(5):217–22. https://doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2018.217.

Article  Google Scholar 

Errickson D, Thompson TJ, Rankin BW. The application of 3D visualization of osteological trauma for the courtroom: a critical review. J Forensic Radiol Imaging. 2014;2(3):132–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2014.04.002.

Article  Google Scholar 

Thimmesch D. (2014) 3D Printing Takes the Place of Traditional Clay Modeling in Forensic Facial Reconstruction. 3Dprint. https://3dprint.com/20664/3d-printing-facial-reconstruct/. Accessed 10 Jan 2024.

Baranowski AM, Burkhardt A, Czernik E, Hecht H. The CSI-education effect: do potential criminals benefit from forensic TV series? Int J Law Crime Justice. 2018;52:86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.10.001.

Article  Google Scholar 

Saunders S. (2016) 3D Printing and Forensic Reconstruction Put to Work in Ohio Cold Case. 3DPrint.com. https://3dprint.com/158185/3d-printing-facial-reconstruction/. Accessed 13 Jan 2024.

Decker S, Ford J, Davy-Jow S, Faraut P, Neville W, Hilbelink D. Who is this person? A comparison study of current three-dimensional facial approximation methods. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;229(1–3):161–e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.028.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rocha RG, Ribeiro JS, Santana MH, Richter EM, Munoz RA. 3D-printing for forensic chemistry: voltammetric determination of Cocain on additively manufactured graphene-polylactic acid lectrodes. Anal Methods. 2021;13(15):1788–94. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AY00181G.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tan C, Nasir MZM, Ambrosi A, Pumera M. 3D printing electrodes for detection of nitroaromatic explosives and nerve agents. Anal Chem. 2017;89(17):9001–8995. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01614.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Errickson D, Fawcett H, Thompson TJU, Campbell A. The effect of different imaging techniques for the visualizations of evidence in court on jury comprehension. Int J Leg Med. 2020;134:1451–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02221-y.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jani G, Johnson A, Belcher W. Case report: digital restoration of fragmented non-human skull. Forensic Sci Int Rep. 2020;2:100070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100070.

Article  Google Scholar 

Johnson A, Jani G, Garriga JA, Pandey A. Digital reconstruction of fragmented tooth remains in forensic context. Forensic Sci Res. 2020;7(1):88–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2020.1737462.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Klasoom U, Nesterenko PN, Paull B. Recent developments in 3D printable composite materials. RSC Adv. 2016;6(65):60355–71.

Article  Google Scholar 

Florea V, Paulet-Crainiceanu F, Luca SG, Pastia C. (2019) 3D Printing of Building Limits, Design, Advantages and Disadvantages. Could This Technique Contribute to Sustainability of Future Buildings? In: International Conference on Critical Thinking in Sustainable Rehabilitation and Risk Management of the Built Environment (pp. 298–308). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61118-7_26

Aalders MC, Adolphi NL, Daly B, Davis GG, De Boer HH, Decker SJ, Wozniak K. Research in forensic radiology and imaging; identifying the most important issues. J Forensic Radiol Imag. 2017;8:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2017.01.004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhu W, Ishandar MM, Baeghbali V, Kubow S. Three-Dimensional printing of foods: A critical review of the present state in healthcare applications, and potential risks and benefits. Foods. 2023;12(17):3287. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12173287.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Organs 3D-Printing. Are We Close? Mattew Urwin, Aug 28, 2024. Accessed on 28 March 2025.